5.3 Vocab_Explaining and Classifying Psychological Disorders

Biological Perspective

• The view that psychological disorders are caused by brain chemistry, genetics, or physical health issues.

• The belief that psychological disorders are primarily caused by environmental factors.

• The theory that psychological disorders are a result of childhood experiences.

• The perspective that psychological disorders are due to social and cultural influences.

Diagnosis

• The process of treating a disorder with medication.

• The formal identification of a disorder by a trained professional, based on symptoms, behavior, and criteria in diagnostic manuals.

• A method of preventing diseases through vaccination.

• The study of the causes and effects of diseases.

Deviation from Social Norms

• When a person’s behavior or thoughts differ significantly from what is considered acceptable or typical in their society or culture.

• A situation where individuals conform to the expectations of their peers.

• A psychological condition characterized by extreme introversion.

• A behavior that is universally accepted across all cultures.

Maladaptive Behavior

• Behavior that is beneficial and promotes mental health.

• Behavior that is harmful, unhelpful, or counterproductive, especially when learned through experience and affecting mental health.

• Behavior that is always positive and encourages social interaction.

• Behavior that is neutral and has no impact on mental health.

Biopsychosocial Model

• A model that focuses solely on biological factors in mental illness.

• A comprehensive model explaining mental illness as a result of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors working together.

• A psychological theory that ignores social influences.

• A sociocultural approach that dismisses biological aspects.

Cognitive Perspective

• Emphasizes the role of maladaptive thinking patterns in causing psychological disorders.

• Focuses on the influence of unconscious motives on behavior.

• Highlights the importance of social interactions in shaping personality.

• Examines the biological basis of mental health issues.

Diathesis-Stress Model

• Explains psychological disorders as resulting from a genetic or biological vulnerability (diathesis) that is triggered by environmental stress.

• Suggests that psychological disorders are solely caused by environmental factors.

• Indicates that all psychological disorders are inherited genetically without any environmental influence.

• Describes a model where stress is the only factor in developing psychological disorders.

Stigma

• A positive stereotype about individuals with psychological disorders.

• A negative stereotype or social judgment placed on individuals with psychological disorders, often leading to discrimination or exclusion.

• A medical condition that requires treatment.

• A form of therapy used to help individuals with psychological disorders.

Repression

• A defense mechanism where distressing thoughts or memories are unconsciously pushed out of conscious awareness.

• A technique used to enhance memory retention through repetition.

• A method of coping with stress by avoiding confrontation.

• A psychological condition characterized by excessive worry and anxiety.

Eclectic Approach

• A therapeutic strategy that combines techniques and ideas from multiple psychological perspectives to treat disorders.

• A method that focuses solely on cognitive behavioral techniques.

• A treatment that relies exclusively on medication for mental health disorders.

• An approach that emphasizes the importance of a single psychological theory.