Ch. 10 (Park & Kim)

Which of the following is not an element of Hirschi's Social Bond Theory?

• Attachment

• Involvement

• Labeling

• Commitment

Who introduced the theory of containment?

• David Matza

• Walter C. Reckless

• Austin Nye

• Edwin Sutherland

How does Nye's theory contribute to control theory?

• Emphasizes peer influence

• Emphasizes family social control

• Advocates rehabilitation

• Supports biological determinism

According to control theory, what prevents people from committing crimes?

• Fear of prison

• Strong social bonds

• High intelligence

• Low income

What is the main weakness of control theory?

• Ignores social bonds

• Overestimates genetics

• Cannot explain why bonded individuals commit crimes

• Promotes deviant behavior

Which theory emphasizes the situational environment of crime (e.g., absence of a guardian)?

• Routine Activity Theory

• Control Theory

• Labeling Theory

• Operant Conditioning

What theory was proposed by Sykes and Matza?

• Containment Theory

• Neutralization Theory

• Strain Theory

• Labeling Theory

Why was the social process theory developed?

• To reinforce classical criminology

• In response to biological/psychological theories

• As part of strain theory

• To support incarceration

What is the central concept of labeling theory?

• Early childhood trauma

• Being labeled as deviant reinforces deviant behavior

• IQ determines crime

• Parental supervision

Who developed the theory of differential association?

• Travis Hirschi

• Albert Bandura

• Edwin H. Sutherland

• B. F. Skinner