Biology Keystone Review-Part 1

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

• Enzymes are proteins that provide structural support to cells.

• Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

• Enzymes are responsible for transporting nutrients across cell membranes.

• Enzymes are involved in the replication of DNA.

What is the significance of the substrate in enzyme activity?

• The substrate is the reactant that an enzyme acts upon, and its specific fit into the active site determines the enzyme's function.

• The substrate is a byproduct of the enzyme's reaction that enhances its activity.

• The substrate is an inhibitor that prevents the enzyme from functioning properly.

• The substrate is a cofactor that assists the enzyme in catalyzing reactions.

What is the function of ATP in cells?

• ATP is a genetic material that stores information.

• ATP serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.

• ATP is a type of protein that helps in cell structure.

• ATP is a waste product of cellular respiration.

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What is denaturation in enzymes?

• A process where enzymes are synthesized in the body.

• A process where an enzyme loses its functional shape due to high temperatures or extreme pH levels, leading to a decline in enzyme activity.

• A method to enhance enzyme activity by increasing temperature.

• A technique used to stabilize enzymes for storage.

What process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants?

• Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy.

• Fermentation uses carbon dioxide and water to produce energy.

• Photosynthesis uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose.

• Digestion uses nutrients and oxygen to produce energy.

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What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

• Dehydration synthesis involves breaking down a molecule by adding water, while hydrolysis involves the joining of two molecules with the removal of water.

• Dehydration synthesis involves the joining of two molecules with the removal of water, while hydrolysis involves breaking down a molecule by adding water.

• Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are the same processes, just described differently.

• Dehydration synthesis occurs only in plants, while hydrolysis occurs only in animals.

What is cellular respiration?

• A process that converts glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

• A method of photosynthesis in plants.

• A way for cells to reproduce and divide.

• A technique for storing energy in fat cells.

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What does a decrease in ATP molecules during a chemical reaction indicate?

• It indicates that the reaction required an input of energy, as ATP is consumed in the process.

• It indicates that the reaction is exothermic and releases energy.

• It indicates that the reaction is at equilibrium and no net change is occurring.

• It indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and does not require energy.

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, while cellular respiration converts that glucose back into usable energy.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are identical processes that occur in plants.

• Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria, while cellular respiration occurs in the chloroplasts.

• Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration consumes it.

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What is the active site of an enzyme?

• The part of the enzyme that changes shape during a reaction.

• The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds, allowing the enzyme to catalyze a reaction.

• The location where the enzyme is produced in the cell.

• The area of the enzyme that is responsible for its overall structure.