APES Exam Review

What is bycatch in commercial fishing?

• The targeted fish species that are caught and sold.

• The unwanted fish and other marine organisms that are caught during commercial fishing operations but are not harvested or sold.

• The fishing gear used to catch fish.

• The regulations governing fishing practices.

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What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

• Primary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing ecosystem, while secondary succession occurs in lifeless areas.

• Primary succession occurs in lifeless areas where soil has not yet formed, while secondary succession occurs in areas where a disturbance has destroyed an existing ecosystem but soil remains.

• Primary succession occurs in areas with existing ecosystems, while secondary succession occurs in lifeless areas.

• Primary succession occurs after a natural disaster, while secondary succession occurs in urban areas.

What are the effects of climate change on ocean currents?

• Climate change can lead to more stable ocean currents, reducing weather variability.

• Climate change can alter ocean currents by changing temperature and salinity gradients, impacting weather patterns and marine ecosystems.

• Climate change has no significant effect on ocean currents.

• Climate change only affects ocean currents in polar regions.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What is the concept of carrying capacity?

• The total number of individuals that can be supported by an ecosystem without environmental degradation.

• The minimum population size required for a species to survive.

• The average lifespan of a species in a given habitat.

• The number of species that can coexist in a single ecosystem.

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What is El Niño?

• A climate pattern characterized by the warming of surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, disrupting normal weather patterns globally.

• A phenomenon that occurs when ocean temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean rise significantly.

• A type of storm that primarily affects the Indian Ocean region.

• A seasonal wind pattern that brings heavy rainfall to Southeast Asia.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

What is the significance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

• Biodiversity has no impact on ecosystems.

• Biodiversity enhances ecosystem resilience, productivity, and stability, providing essential services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and habitat provision.

• Biodiversity only affects the aesthetic value of nature.

• Biodiversity is important only for human health.

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What is a trophic cascade?

• A phenomenon where the removal of top predators leads to an increase in herbivore populations and a decrease in plant biomass.

• An ecological event that occurs when a species is introduced to a new environment, disrupting the local ecosystem.

• A process where nutrients are cycled through the soil and plants without any influence from predators.

• A natural disaster that affects the food chain and leads to extinction of species.

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What is the greenhouse effect?

• The process by which the Earth's surface cools due to the reflection of sunlight.

• The warming of Earth's surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

• The phenomenon where plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

• The increase in Earth's temperature due to deforestation and urbanization.

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How do you calculate the percent of bycatch in total fish catch?

• Divide the total weight of bycatch by the total weight of all fish caught, then multiply by 100.

• Add the weight of bycatch to the total weight of fish caught and divide by 100.

• Multiply the total weight of fish caught by the weight of bycatch and divide by 100.

• Subtract the weight of bycatch from the total weight of fish caught and multiply by 100.

What is the Hadley cell circulation?

• A large-scale atmospheric circulation pattern that influences tropical weather and climate, characterized by rising warm air at the equator and sinking cool air at about 30 degrees latitude.

• A type of ocean current that affects marine life in the tropics.

• A weather phenomenon that occurs only during the winter months in the Northern Hemisphere.

• A local wind pattern that causes thunderstorms in the tropics.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

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