Astronomy Review

A student creates two models to demonstrate phases of the Moon. The models are shown. Which moon phases can the models be used to demonstrate?

• Model 1 can be used to demonstrate a full moon, and Model 2 can be used to demonstrate a new moon.

• Model 1 can be used to demonstrate a new moon, and Model 2 can be used to demonstrate a third quarter moon.

• Model 1 can be used to demonstrate a full moon, and Model 2 can be used to demonstrate a waning crescent moon.

• Model 1 can be used to demonstrate a first quarter moon, and Model 2 can be used to demonstrate a waxing gibbous moon.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Oliver views the night sky from outside his home in Sydney, Australia. Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere. The Moon is in its waxing crescent phase and looks like the image shown. Ruby views the sky from outside her home in San Diego, California, on the same night. California is in the Northern Hemisphere. Which image shows the phase of the Moon that Ruby would MOST LIKELY see?

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Based on Jacob’s model shown in Diagram 2, which conclusion is valid about the Moon?

• The Moon shines brightly from the light created by Earth.

• The Moon shines with its own light, which makes the Moon visible.

• Rays from the Sun are responsible for the light that makes the Moon visible.

• Rays from the Sun light half of the Moon, and the other half is lit by light created by Earth.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

Based on the drawing, how many degrees (°) above the horizon should the Moon be at 5:00 a.m.?

• 10°

• 15°

• 30°

• 50°

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

In which season does Jackson experience the LEAST number of daylight hours?

• Fall

• Summer

• Winter

• Spring

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

What is happening during the lunar eclipse shown in Position 1?

• Earth is casting a shadow on the Sun.

• Earth is casting a shadow on the Moon.

• The Moon is casting a shadow on Earth.

• The Sun is casting a shadow on the Moon.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

7. Earth has an average temperature of 14 degrees Celsius. Mars has an average temperature of –63 degrees Celsius.

Which statement provides one reason why Mars is colder than Earth?

• Mars has larger volcanoes that block sunlight.

• Mars has carbon dioxide in its atmosphere that blocks heat.

• Mars has a thin atmosphere that cannot trap heat.

• Mars has surface ice that cools its surface.

What observation can the students make based on their information?

• A. Objects in the solar system cannot be studied on Earth.

• B. Objects in the solar system can easily be seen from Earth.

• C. Objects in the solar system are located between specific planets.

• D. Objects in the solar system can vary in composition and orbital periods.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

Which planets in the table are considered to be gas giants due to the compositions of their atmospheres?

• Mercury, Earth, and Mars because of the oxygen and argon

• Uranus, Neptune, and Venus because of the methane and nitrogen

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune because of the hydrogen and helium

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars because of the carbon dioxide and oxygen

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The graphs show four different characteristics of the planets in the solar system, listed along the X-axis by their first letters, in order of distance from the Sun. Which graph shows the average surface temperatures of the planets?

• Graph A

• Graph B

• Graph C

• Graph D