Enlightenment Study Guide

According to Locke, what is the natural state of people? What are "men by nature?"

• free
• equal
• independent
• all of these are correct

According to Locke, why do people form governments?

• to force other people to do what they want
• to conquer other countries
• to make life comfortable, safe, and peaceful
• to become more powerful than other people

According to Locke, how do people form governments?

• with the consent (Permission) of every individual
• with an order from a monarch
• with permission from a monarch
• with permission from a military leader

According to Montesquieu, why should power be divided among three branches of government?

• because one branch would have too much to do
• because each branch limits the power of the others
• because one branch is in charge of limiting political liberty
• because one branch would take too long to pass laws

Locke said that all people are naturally free, equal, and independent. Which phrase in the Declaration echoes this idea?

• "we hold these truths to be self-evident"
• "all men are created equal"
• "Governments are instituted among Men"
• "in General Congress, Assembled"

How was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution?

• Both won the support of the churches.
• Both focused on government and society.
• Both highly valued reason and observation.
• Both emphasized the rights of the individual.

Which Enlightenment idea went back to the Renaissance and the Reformation?

• separation of powers
• worth of the individual
• equal rights for women
• absolute power of kings

According to his book Leviathan, why did Thomas Hobbes believe that a country should be ruled by a king with absolute power?

• so laws would be made wisely
• so people would not fight all the time
• so the church would not have too much control
• so the same person would make and enforce the laws

John Locke favored a constitutional monarchy. In that form of government, the monarch (King or Queen)

• served only a few years.
• put all the laws in writing.
• was elected by the people.
• was limited by basic laws.

According to Locke, how does a person get a natural right?

• by signing a social contract
• by reading and conversation
• by existing as a human being
• by belonging to a democracy