(NEW) Christian Rulers in Europe (Pages 270-271)

How long did the Middle Ages last?

• 200 - 700 CE

• 1000 - 1800 CE

• 500 - 1500 CE

• 1500 - 2000 CE

What major changes occurred in Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476?

• Germanic Tribes took over various parts and kept their own cultures, but eventually adopted Christianity.

• The Roman Empire was immediately restored by the Byzantines.

• Europe became unified under a single ruler.

• The Western Roman Empire continued to thrive and expand.

The Franks were a group of Germanic tribes. What region did they occupy during the early medieval era?

• Gaul

• Iberian Peninsula

• Scandinavia

• Britain

Clovis was a significant historical figure. Why was his conversion to Christianity important?

• It marked the beginning of the Merovingian dynasty.

• It led to the spread of Christianity among the Franks.

• It resulted in the fall of the Roman Empire.

• It caused a war between the Franks and the Visigoths.

What led to the rise of the Carolingian dynasty under Charles Martel?

• The signing of the Magna Carta by Charles Martel.

• The death of Clovis and an overthrow of his dynasty led to the expansion of the Carolingian Dynasty.

• The discovery of new trade routes by the Carolingians.

• The defeat of the Roman Empire by Charles Martel.

How did Charlemagne expand the territories under his rule after becoming king of the Franks?

• Charlemagne conquered the Lombards and Saxons and was supported by Pope Leo III. In 800, the pope crowned Charlemagne “Emperor of the Romans” or “Holy Roman Emperor”.

• Charlemagne expanded his territories by forming peaceful alliances with neighboring kingdoms and focusing on trade and diplomacy rather than military conquest.

• Charlemagne relied solely on defensive strategies, building fortifications and avoiding any military campaigns during his reign.

• Charlemagne expanded his rule by marrying into royal families across Europe, inheriting lands without engaging in warfare.

Describe the benefits of the alliance between Charlemagne and Pope Leo III.

• The alliance led to the decline of Christianity in Europe and weakened both leaders.

• The pope lost influence over the Christian world, while Charlemagne became less powerful.

• Charlemagne and Pope Leo III divided their territories and ruled separately without cooperation.

• The pope gained a protector and promoter of Christianity. Charlemagne gained religious authority, making him a stronger king.

What were some of the key reforms and cultural contributions made by Charlemagne during his reign?

• -Created councils that unified the Roman Catholic Church

  -Encouraged learning by establishing schools

  -Spread and supported the increase of monasteries

• -Abolished all forms of education and closed schools

  -Discouraged the spread of Christianity

  -Dismantled the Roman Catholic Church

• -Focused solely on military conquests and ignored cultural development

  -Discouraged the establishment of monasteries

  -Banned religious council

• -Promoted pagan religions over Christianity -Refused to support any educational reforms -Destroyed existing monasteries

What happened to Charlemagne's empire after his death in 814?

• It remained a single unified empire.

• Divided into West, Middle, and East Francia.

• It was conquered by the Byzantine Empire.

• It became part of the Islamic Caliphate.

What political structure emerged in East Francia after Charlemagne's empire was divided?

• empires

• city-states

• republics

• duchies