Enlightenment: Philosophy in the Age of Reason Quiz #1

What was the main goal of the Enlightenment thinkers (philosophes)?

• To promote religion and tradition

• To apply reason to understand and improve society

• To expand absolute monarchy

• To reject science in favor of emotions

Which Enlightenment thinker believed in absolute monarchy to maintain social order?

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Thomas Hobbes

• Voltaire

According to John Locke, which of the following are considered natural rights?

• Liberty, Justice, and equality

• Voting, property, and equality

• Life, Liberty, and property

• Freedom, religion, and justice

Montesquieu is best known for his idea of:

• Laissez-faire economics

• Freedom of Speech

• Social Contract Theory

• Separation of Powers

Voltaire used his writings to fight against:

• The heliocentric theory

• Ignorance, superstition, and intolerance

• The right to free markets

• Military conflict and war

What was the purpose of Diderot's Encyclopedia?

• To promote religious views

• To compile scientific and religious facts

• To change the general way of thinking

• To explain how monarchies function

What economic ideas did Adam Smith support in The Wealth of Nations

• Communism

• Mercantilism

• Laissez-Faire

• Taxation of Trade

What major change did the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment?

• Focus on emotional reasoning

• Belief that human reason could solve political and social problems

• Support for monarchies

• Return to traditional religious values

The term social contract refers to:

• A peace treaty between countries

• A business agreement

• An agreement where people give up some freedom for an organized society

• Law regulating trade

Who was the Enlightenment thinker who promoted equal education for girls and boys?

• Mary Wollstonecraft

• Catherine the Great

• Madame Geoffrin

• Elizabeth I