AP Psychology Statistical Reasoning

The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance

• statistical significance
• experimenter bias
• confounding variables

each time a study is repeated, the results are consistent.

• validity
• reliability
• sample

A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable.  Created so that the experiment can be replicated by others.

• operational definition
• independent variable
• controlled group

Research design in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in control group.

• single blind study
• case study
• double blind study

The extent to which an instrument measure what it is supposed to measure.

• reliability
• validity
• standardized

Research design in which participants don't know whether they are in experimental or control group.

• double blind
• naturalistic observation
• single blind

Obtain large samples of abilities, beliefs or behaviors through written or interview questions.

• case study

• naturalistic observation

• survey

Which of the following represents naturalistic observation?

• Researchers watch and record how elementary school children interact on the playground
• Researchers bring participants into a laboratory to see how they respond to a puzzle with no solution
• A principal looks at the relationships between the number of students absence and their grades
• Two grandparents sit in the front row to watch their grandson's first piano recital

A mistaken belief that two factors or events are related when they are not is called

• 
  the rule of falsifiability.
• pseudoscience.
• 
  an illusory correlation
• 
  paranormal phenomena

In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head damaging the functioning of the frontal lobes. This instance provided evidence that the frontal lobe plays a role in personality and behavior. Researchers have continued to study Gage's brain to better understand this link. Which research method is being used?

• experimentation
• case study
• survey
• correlation