Cold War Decolonization

Which of the following statements about Africa after 1946 is true?

• Most African colonies gained national independence.

• The Organization of African Unity resolved the issues that most African states found divisive.

• Most African countries joined either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.

• There was little postcolonial conflict in newly independent states.

• Colonial patterns of trade disappeared.

Which of the following is the basis for nearly all the boundaries of today’s sub-Saharan African states?

• Postcolonial conquests of one African state by another

• Fragmentation of countries after they achieved independence from Europe

• Decisions by European powers during the process of colonization

• Precolonial linguistic groupings

• International agreements mediated by the United Nations

Anticolonial movements like the Congress Party in India and the Young Turks agreed on which of the following?

• The need for reform in order to resist European imperialism

• The desire to return their societies to an earlier preindustrial age

• Their intent to engage in territorial expansion at the expense of their weaker neighbors

• Their emphasis on purely linguistic nationalism

• The need to persuade all anticolonial movements to cooperate with European socialist parties

Which of the following was most clearly NOT a consequence of the Second World War?

• The independence of Brazil

• The independence of Indonesia

• The nuclear standoff between the Soviet Union and the United States

• The democratic constitution of Japan

• The division of Berlin

Which of the following was a principal cause of the Cold War?

• Proxy wars in Latin America

• Competition for natural resources in Africa

• The nuclear arms race

• Conflicting capitalist and communist ideologies

Which of the following describes a major change in international relations in the 1980s and 1990s?

• The rapid establishment of large overseas colonial empires by European powers

• The disbanding of most regional political organizations

• The decline in power of multinational corporations

• The reduction of confrontations between communist and noncommunist countries

China’s strategy for modernization and economic development in the 1950s most closely resembled the developmental strategy of

• India

• Japan

• Britain

• the Soviet Union

• the United States

Of the following, which represents a challenge to superpower domination by a smaller nation during the Cold War?

• Prague Spring

• Helsinki Accords

• Brezhnev Doctrine

• Marshall Plan

• Truman Doctrine

The Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union during the second half of the twentieth century was characterized by competition primarily over

• religion and culture

• the distribution of natural resources

• ideology and economic structure

• control of key trade routes

All of the following were policies pursued by both the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War EXCEPT

• reliance on military alliances for national security

• promotion of proxy wars in other states

• centralized planning of the national economy

• development of massive nuclear arsenals