2.1 Perception

Perception

• The ability to see and hear things clearly.

• The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to recognize meaningful objects and events.

• A method of memorizing information through repetition.

• The act of responding to stimuli in the environment.

Schemas

• Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information.

• A type of software used for data management.

• A method for conducting scientific experiments.

• A visual representation of data relationships.

Interposition

• A cue that involves the use of both eyes to perceive depth.

• A monocular cue for perceiving depth; if one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer.

• A method of measuring distance using sound waves.

• A technique for enhancing color perception in low light.

Figure/Ground

• The process of identifying the main subject in a visual scene.

• The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).

• A technique used in photography to enhance background blur.

• The method of layering images to create depth.

Perceptual Sets

• A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

• A technique used to enhance memory retention.

• A method for improving visual acuity.

• A psychological condition affecting mood and perception.

Top-Down Processing

• Information processing guided by sensory input alone.

• Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.

• Information processing that occurs without any prior knowledge or experience.

• Information processing that relies solely on visual stimuli.

Bottom-up Processing

• Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

• A cognitive process that starts with the brain and works down to sensory input.

• A method of processing information that relies solely on prior knowledge and experiences.

• An approach that emphasizes the role of expectations in perception.

Inattention (Inattentional Blindness)

• Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

• Seeing all objects clearly regardless of attention.

• Being overly focused on one task to the exclusion of all else.

• Not noticing changes in the environment around us.

Texture Gradient

• A method for measuring temperature changes in materials.

• A monocular cue for perceiving depth; a gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance.

• A technique used in photography to enhance color saturation.

• A visual illusion that tricks the brain into perceiving motion.

Binocular Depth Cues

• Depth cues that depend on the use of one eye.

• Depth cues that depend on the use of two eyes, such as retinal disparity and convergence.

• Depth cues that are only applicable in low light conditions.

• Depth cues that are based on the size of objects.