What Are Neutralization Reactions & Buffers?

What is a neutralization reaction?

• A reaction in which an acid and a base combine to produce a neutral solution of water and salt.

• A reaction in which only acids are present.

• A reaction that produces only salt.

• A reaction that produces only water.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Indigestion, frequently called an upset stomach, occurs when the stomach produces excess ________ when people eat certain foods, are stressed, or have certain stomach problems.

• acid

• saliva

• mucus

• gas

Which of the following is an example of a neutralization reaction?

• HCl + NaOH → H2O + NaCl

• H2O + NaCl → HCl + NaOH

• NaCl + H2O → HCl + NaOH

• HCl + NaCl → H2O + NaOH

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

What is a salt in chemistry?

• A compound consisting of a positively charged anion from an acid and a negatively charged cation from a base.

• An ionic compound consisting of a negatively charged anion from an acid and the positive cation from a base.

• A neutral molecule formed from water.

• A compound that only contains sodium.

Match the following common salts with their uses:

• potassium chloride (KCl)

• de-icing roadways and sidewalks

• calcium chloride (CaCl2)

• sodium-free salt substitute

• sodium chloride

• baking soda, antacid

• sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)

• table salt, body electrolyte

Toothpaste contains weak bases such as ________ that neutralize acids produced by bacteria in our mouths, preventing cavities.

• magnesium hydroxide

• sodium chloride

• calcium carbonate

• potassium nitrate

A paste made from baking soda [NaHCO3] and water can be used to relieve the pain of bee and ant venom, which both contain (a)   [CH2O2].

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

What is a buffer?

• A buffer is a solution in which the pH remains relatively constant even when small amounts of acid or base are added. It is able to resist changes in pH and typically consists of a weak acid and one of its salts, or a weak base and one of its salts.

• A buffer is a solution that always has a neutral pH regardless of what is added to it.

• A buffer is a solution that increases its pH rapidly when acid is added.

• A buffer is a solution that only contains strong acids and bases.

A buffer can resist changes in pH even when too much acid or base is added.

• True

• False

What is buffer capacity?

• Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer before significant changes in pH occur.

• Buffer capacity is the maximum volume of a solution that can be stored in a container.

• Buffer capacity is the temperature at which a buffer solution freezes.

• Buffer capacity is the color change observed when an indicator is added to a solution.