Ch. 25: The Cold War

What was NATO?

• A military alliance formed in 1945 among Eastern European nations.

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a mutual defense pact formed in 1949 among the US, Canada, and Western European nations.

• An economic union established in 1957 to promote trade in Europe.

• A peacekeeping organization founded in 1960 to resolve international conflicts.

Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?

• A couple executed in 1953 for allegedly passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

• Famous scientists who developed the first atomic bomb.

• Political activists who fought against nuclear weapons.

• A pair of spies who worked for the CIA during the Cold War.

What was the significance of the Berlin Wall?

• A symbol of the Cold War division between East and West Berlin, eventually torn down in 1989.

• A barrier built to prevent East Berliners from escaping to the West.

• A historical monument representing the reunification of Germany.

• A military fortification established during World War II.

What triggered the Korean War?

• The signing of the Korean Armistice Agreement in 1953.

• The invasion of South Korea by North Korean communist forces in 1950.

• The withdrawal of American troops from South Korea in 1949.

• The establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948.

What was the impact of the Cold War on decolonization?

• The US and USSR engaged in proxy wars, influencing independence movements in former colonies.

• Decolonization occurred without any external influence.

• The Cold War led to increased colonialism in Africa and Asia.

• The US and USSR supported colonial powers to maintain control.

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

• A peace treaty was signed in 1950, uniting Korea under a single government.

• An armistice in 1953, with Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel.

• Korea was completely occupied by China and became a Chinese province.

• The war ended in 1949 with a complete withdrawal of all foreign troops.

What was the Domino Theory?

• A theory that suggests countries can only thrive under capitalism.

• The belief that the fall of one country to communism would lead to the spread of communism to neighboring countries.

• A strategy for military intervention in foreign nations.

• A concept that promotes isolationism in international relations.

What was the significance of the atomic bomb in the Cold War?

• It initiated a nuclear arms race between the US and USSR, changing the nature of warfare.

• It led to the immediate end of World War II in Europe.

• It was a symbol of peace and cooperation between nations.

• It resulted in the establishment of the United Nations.

What was the military-industrial complex?

• A term used by President Eisenhower to describe the relationship between the military and defense industry.

• A strategy for military recruitment during the Cold War.

• A government program for military housing.

• An alliance between military leaders and foreign governments.

What was the Cold War?

• A global, political, and ideological struggle between capitalist and communist countries, primarily the US and USSR.

• A military conflict between the US and USSR that lasted for decades.

• A period of economic prosperity in Europe after World War II.

• A cultural exchange program between the US and USSR.