AP Psychology Review - Cognition

The representativeness heuristic can produce faulty estimates if:

• We generalize our views to other, nonrepresentativeness heuristics
•  The representativeness  algorithm does not match the representativeness heuristic
•  Possible variations in the prototype are considered
•  We fail to consider the approximate number of prototypes that actually exist

  Dr. Mendoza is studying the mental strategies people use when solving problems. Dr. Mendoza is clearly a(n): 

• Cognitive psychologist
• Experimental psychologist
• Organizational psychologist
• Developmental psychologist

A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):

• Prototype
• Concept
• Algorithm
• Heuristic

Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:

• Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
• Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
• Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
• Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs

A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances of the event are available in memory is called the:

• Availability heuristic
• Availability algorithm
• Representativeness heuristic
• Representativeness algorithm

A dessert recipe that gives you the ingredients, their amounts and the steps to follow is an example of a(n):

• Prototype
• Algorithm
• Heuristic
• Mental set

A prototype is a:

• Step-by-step procedure for solving problems
• Mental grouping of similar objects, events or people
• Best example of a particular category
• Simple thinking strategy for solving problems efficiently

When the word “oat” is changed to the word “boat,” the number of:

• Phonemes increases, but the number of morphemes stays the same 
• Phonemes and morphemes are both increased
• Phonemes and morphemes both stay the same
• Phonemes stays the same, but the number of morphemes increases

Rudy is 6 feet tall, weighs 210 pounds, and is very muscular. If you think that Rudy is more likely to be a basketball player than a computer programmer , you are a victim of:

• Belief bias
• The availability heuristic
• A mental set
• The representativeness heuristic

A, an and ill are all examples of:

• Phonemes
• Morphemes
• Syntax
• Grammar