What does an electron dot diagram represent?

• The arrangement of protons in an atom

• The distribution of valence electrons around an element's symbol

• The number of neutrons in an atom

• The atomic mass of an element

Which of the following is a learning objective related to electron dot diagrams?

• Calculate the atomic mass of elements

• Draw electron dot diagrams for elements

• Identify the number of protons in an atom

• Measure the density of a substance

According to the learning objectives, what should students be able to do with electron dot diagrams?

• Describe the electron dot diagram system and draw electron dot diagrams for elements

• Calculate the number of neutrons in an atom

• Predict the melting point of elements

• Measure the volume of a gas

Why are electron dot diagrams useful in chemistry?

• They show the arrangement of valence electrons, which helps in understanding chemical bonding

• They display the atomic number of elements

• They indicate the physical state of substances

• They measure the temperature of reactions

What is the best way to order sand for a large project, according to the passage?

• By the pound

• By the yard (cubic yard)

• By the bag

• By the liter

Why is it impractical to count atoms or molecules individually?

• Because they are too expensive

• Because they are far smaller than grains of sugar and extremely numerous

• Because they are easy to see

• Because they are all the same size

If you counted 10 molecules every second for 50 years without stopping, about how many molecules would you have counted?

• 1.6 × 10^10 molecules

• 1.6 × 10^22 molecules

• 1.6 × 10^5 molecules

• 1.6 × 10^3 molecules

What is the main reason chemists needed a name like Avogadro’s Number?

• To make chemistry more interesting

• To have a name for a very large number of items

• To count bananas and elephants

• To measure the weight of sand

Based on the passage, what is a practical advantage of ordering sand by the cubic yard instead of by the pound?

• It is easier to weigh

• It saves time and effort in loading and measuring

• It is more expensive

• It is more accurate

Who is responsible for the concept of the mole as a counting unit in chemistry?

• Albert Einstein

• Amedeo Avogadro

• Dmitri Mendeleev

• Isaac Newton