London Final Exam Review 2025

When designing an experiment, scientists will test a relationship between a “cause” and an “effect.” The “effect,” also represented by what the scientist measures and records, is known as the

• Dependent variable

• Constant

• Independent variable

• Control group

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In pea plants, Purple flowers (P) is dominant to white flowers (p). A white flowered plant would have which of the following genotypes

• Homozygous Dominant

• Homozygous Recessive

• Heterozygous

• Codominant

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What conclusion can be reached by the data shown in the graph above?

• The rate of photosynthesis is greatest during the months of May, June and July, and significantly less during the winter months.

• The rate of photosynthesis is lowest during the months of May, June and July, and significantly less during the winter months.

• The rate of photosynthesis remains the same all year.

• The rate of photosynthesis is greatest in January, February and March.

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According to the Continental Drift Theory:

• The continents were once joined together as a supercontinent. Over time, the supercontinent broke into continents that drifted apart.

• The continents are slowly drifting towards each other. Eventually, they will collide and destroy each other.

• The continents are slowly growing in size due to tectonic plate movement.

• The continents are slowly sinking down into Earth’s mantle.

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Genes for traits that help an organism be more successful reproductively can be expected to

• cause it to evolve into a new species.

• become more common in the future.

• cause the extinction of the species.

• eventually be eliminated by natural selection.

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What do you call the deep valley between the mountains of a mid-ocean ridge?

• A volcano

• A canyon

• A rift

• A river

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In performing any laboratory experiment, what is the first step performed out of the following choices

• Collect data

• Analyze data

• Publish results

• Form a hypothesis

A controlled experiment changes only one variable at a time. A student wanted to know which sugar would yield the greatest amount of energy for the cell. The student mixed yeasts in three different types of sugar solutions: maltose, glucose, and sucrose. Which of these is not a constant?

• The amount of sugar in each solution must be constant.

• Each beaker should receive the same amount of yeast.

• All beakers should be kept at the same temperature.

• The type of sugar should be the same in each beaker

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Each of the following are examples of experiments that use quantitative data EXCEPT

• Determining the mass, volume and density of an object.

• Calculating the rate of a chemical reaction.

• Measuring the amount of oxygen consumed while exercising.

• Observing and sketching images of the solar eclipse

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Which type of seismic waves can travel across Earth?

• P waves

• S waves

• Surface waves

• All seismic waves travel at the same speed