Chapter 5 Shoulder Girdle and Humerus

Sonography is an effective diagnostic tool in studying the shoulder joint.

• True

• False

Where is the CR centered for the posterior oblique position for the glenoid cavity?

• Acromion

• 2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder

• Coracoid process

• 1 inch (2.5 cm) superior to the coracoid process

What is the common term for idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis?

• Bankart lesion

• Tendinitis

• Bursitis

• Frozen shoulder

A patient enters the ED with a dislocated shoulder. The technologist attempts to position the patient into the transthoracic lateral projection, but the patient is unable to raise the unaffected arm over his head completely. What can the technologist do to compensate for the patient’s inability to raise his arm completely?

• Perform the Grashey method instead.

• Use a breathing technique.

• Increase kV to penetrate through both shoulders.

• Angle the CR 10° to 15° cephalad.

A patient is scheduled for an arthrogram. During the course of the study, the radiologist requests a projection to demonstrate the intertubercular groove. Which one of the following projections would best demonstrate this structure?

• Fisk modification

• Garth method

• Grashey method

• Pearson method

An inferosuperior axial projection (Clements modification) is performed on a patient with a nontraumatic shoulder injury. The patient cannot fully abduct the upper limb 90°. Which of the following modifications of the position should be performed for this patient?

• Angle CR 30° toward the axilla.

• Angle CR 5° to 15° toward the axilla.

• Angle CR 45° toward the elbow AC joint separation.

• Rotate shoulder slightly anterior to open joint space.

A radiograph of an AP axial projection of the clavicle demonstrates that the clavicle is within the midaspect of the lung apices. What should the technologist do to correct this error?

• Do nothing; this is an acceptable AP axial clavicle projection.

• Increase the caudal CR angle during repeat exposure.

• Increase the cephalic CR angle during repeat exposure.

• Make the exposure upon complete inspiration.

What is a possible radiographic sign for impingement syndrome of the shoulder?

• Calcified tendons

• Fluid-filled joint space

• Fracture of the glenoid rim

• Subacromial spurring

What type of CR angle is required for the superoinferior axial projection (Hobbs modification)?

• No angle is required (CR is perpendicular to the axilla and humeral head).

• CR is angled 15° cephalad.

• CR is angled 30° caudad.

• CR is angled 45° medially.

The Alexander method for AC joints requires a 15° cephalic CR angle.

• True

• False