Laws of Thermodynamics in Biology

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

• Entropy decreases in a closed system.

• Energy can be created and destroyed.

• Energy is only transformed in an open system.

• Total energy in a closed system is constant.

Which law states that entropy constantly increases in a closed system?

• First Law of Thermodynamics

• Third Law of Thermodynamics

• Second Law of Thermodynamics

• Law of Conservation of Energy

In biological terms, how do organisms interact with energy?

• They transform energy from one form to another.

• They store energy indefinitely.

• They create energy from food.

• They lose energy to the environment.

What is entropy often described as?

• Energy

• Chaos or disorder

• Heat

• Order

What does the Fluctuation theorem state?

• Probability of negative entropy changes decreases over time.

• Negative changes in entropy are impossible.

• Entropy can be created.

• Entropy always increases.

What is the Fundamental Thermodynamic Relation?

• ΔS = ΔH - TΔG

• ΔE = TΔS + pΔV

• E = mc^2

• E = TS + PV

What is required for a living cell to maintain order?

• Absence of chemical reactions

• Isolation from surroundings

• Input of energy

• Constant temperature

What happens to a closed system without energy input?

• It thrives indefinitely.

• It maintains order.

• It eventually breaks down.

• It creates energy.

What is the Gibbs equation used for?

• To determine pressure in a system

• To measure entropy

• To describe energy changes in reactions

• To calculate temperature changes

What does a negative ΔG indicate?

• The reaction is non-spontaneous.

• The reaction requires energy input.

• The reaction is spontaneous.

• The system is at equilibrium.