IB Bio semester 2 review

Which fundamental property enables water to serve as the primary medium for life's biochemical processes?

• Ionic bonding
• Hydrogen bonding
• Covalent attraction
• Electrostatic repulsion

Which cellular process represents energy consumption through breakdown of complex molecules?

• Anabolism
• Photosynthesis
• Catabolism
• Chemiosmosis

What fundamental mechanism explains enzyme specificity in biochemical reactions?

• Random binding
• Lock-and-key model
• Induced-fit model
• Substrate saturation

Which molecular structure serves as the primary energy currency in biological systems?

• Glucose
• Pyruvate
• ATP
• ADP

Which cellular process converts light energy into chemical energy?

• Cellular respiration
• Glycolysis
• Photosynthesis
• Fermentation

What characteristic defines stem cells' unique biological potential?

• Permanent differentiation
• limited proliferation
• Unspecialized nature
• Genetic instability

Which factor critically determines cellular metabolic efficiency?

• Surface area to volume ratio
• Membrane permeability
• Enzyme concentration
• Substrate availability

What mechanism explains selective movement of molecules across cell membranes against gradient?

• Random diffusion
• Passive transport
• Active transport
• Molecular filtration

In protein structure, what determines a protein's three-dimensional configuration?

• Primary sequence
• Secondary folding
• Tertiary interactions
• Quaternary assembly

Which biochemical pathway generates pyruvate during initial energy extraction?

• Krebs cycle
• Electron transport chain
• Glycolysis
• Link reaction