Memory Theories and Research Quiz

• Read aloud a list of either letters or numbers

  • Gradually increased the length of these lists until participants could only recall them 50% of the time,

  • Average STM capacity for numbers was 9 but for letters it was 7

  • STM capacity increased with age: 8-year-olds recalled 7 numbers, whereas 19-year- olds recalled 9

• Baddeley (1966)

• Jacobs (1890)

• Murdock (1962)

• Conrad (1964)

• The participant was then given a screen with statement B followed by A, or statement A followed by B. Then stated whether the order was true or false as quickly as possible.

• Task 2:

  Repeat ‘THE THE THE THE THE’ over and over again. OR say random digits out loud. This occupies both the articulatory loop and the central executive OR nothing

• Baddeley & Hitch (1975)

• Godden and Baddeley (1975)

• Keppel and Underwood (1962)

• McGeoh & McDonald (1931)

Which type of memory is responsible for holding visual information for a very short period?

• Echoic memory

• Iconic memory

• Episodic buffer

• Visual cache

What is the main function of the articulatory control system in the working memory model?

• Stores visual information

• Rehearses verbal information

• Integrates information from different sources

• Encodes sensory input

Underwent brain surgery to remove his hippocampus to prevent seizures, he lost his ability to form many types of new memories (anterograde amnesia) not even that he had just watched a film but did have procedural memory as he could improve his drawing of stars in a mirror.

• Clive Wearing (CW)

• Patient HM (Henry Molaison)

• Patient KF

• Patient S

What does the term "modality specific" refer to in the context of memory?

• Memory that is general across all senses

• Memory that is specific to a particular sensory modality

• Memory that is only visual

• Memory that is only auditory

Which component of the working memory model is responsible for integrating information from different sources?

• Visual cache

• Episodic buffer

• Inner scribe

• Articulatory control system

•  Gave participants four set of words that were either: Acoustically similar (man, mad, mat), Acoustically dissimilar (pit, cow, bar), Semantically similar (big, large, huge), Semantically dissimilar (good, hot, pig), Then they were asked to recall the words. Participants got confused easily with acoustically similar words in the ‘immediately’ condition and were easily confused with semantically similar words in the ‘after 20 minutes’ condition.

• Baddeley (1966)

• Murdock (1962)

• Conrad (1964)

• Jacobs (1890)

Which study investigated the effects of context-dependent forgetting using divers?

• Carter and Cassaday (1998)

• Godden and Baddeley (1975)

• Keppel and Underwood (1962)

• McGeoh & McDonald (1931)

What is the main function of the visual cache in the working memory model?

• Stores auditory information

• • stores information about form and colour

• Integrates episodic memories

• Controls rehearsal of verbal information