Quiz about AqSicence Final Practice

Question 1

What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is composed of Nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

78%

Answer

21%

Answer

0.9%

Answer

0.1%

Question 2

Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to Earth and is where weather occurs?

Accepted Answer

Troposphere

Answer

Stratosphere

Answer

Mesosphere

Answer

Thermosphere

Question 3

What is the primary driver of weather systems, wind, and ocean currents?

Accepted Answer

The Sun

Answer

Earth's geothermal activity

Answer

The Moon's gravitational pull

Answer

Human industrial emissions

Question 4

The Coriolis effect causes moving objects in the Southern Hemisphere to be deflected to the:

Accepted Answer

Left

Answer

Right

Answer

East

Answer

West

Question 5

Large, circular loops of wind-driven surface currents that travel clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere are called:

Accepted Answer

Gyres

Answer

Eddies

Answer

Tides

Answer

Convection cells

Question 6

The zone in the ocean where there is a rapid change in temperature over a small depth interval is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Thermocline

Answer

Epipelagic zone

Answer

Bottom layer

Answer

Halocline

Question 7

According to the Big Bang Theory, approximately how old is the Earth?

Accepted Answer

4.5 billion years

Answer

4.5 million years

Answer

1 billion years

Answer

10 billion years

Question 8

Which part of Earth's internal structure is a fluid-like upper part of the mantle?

Accepted Answer

Asthenosphere

Answer

Inner Core

Answer

Lithosphere

Answer

Outer Core

Question 9

Oceanic crust is primarily composed of which type of rock?

Accepted Answer

Basalt

Answer

Granite

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Limestone

Question 10

Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of continental drift, which included the idea of a supercontinent named:

Accepted Answer

Pangea

Answer

Rodinia

Answer

Gondwana

Answer

Laurasia

Question 11

What is the largest geological feature on Earth, entirely volcanic, and encircles the globe underwater?

Accepted Answer

The Mid-Ocean Ridge

Answer

The Mariana Trench

Answer

The Himalayan Mountains

Answer

The Great Barrier Reef

Question 12

Symmetrical patterns of magnetic anomalies (stripes) on either side of mid-ocean ridges are evidence for:

Accepted Answer

Sea-floor spreading and magnetic field reversals

Answer

The constant strength of Earth's magnetic field

Answer

The Earth's core being entirely solid

Answer

The immediate cooling of all volcanic rock

Question 13

Lithogenous sediments found on the ocean floor originate from:

Accepted Answer

Weathered down rock

Answer

Shells and skeletons of marine organisms

Answer

Volcanic eruptions exclusively at mid-ocean ridges

Answer

Extraterrestrial meteorites

Question 14

The process where an oceanic plate descends into the mantle beneath another plate is called:

Accepted Answer

Subduction

Answer

Rifting

Answer

Sea-floor spreading

Answer

Transform faulting

Question 15

What type of plate boundary occurs when plates slide past each other horizontally, often causing earthquakes?

Accepted Answer

Transform boundary

Answer

Convergent boundary

Answer

Divergent boundary

Answer

Subduction zone

Question 16

The polarity of water molecules, where the oxygen end is slightly negative and the hydrogen ends are slightly positive, is due to:

Accepted Answer

Uneven sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen

Answer

Equal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen

Answer

The presence of dissolved salts in water

Answer

The high heat capacity of water

Question 17

The attraction between water molecules, causing them to stick to each other, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Adhesion

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Surface Tension

Question 18

Water's ability to allow small insects to walk on its surface is primarily due to its high:

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Heat capacity

Answer

Density

Question 19

When water freezes, it expands. This is because:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds lock the water molecules into a fixed, open lattice structure.

Answer

The water molecules gain kinetic energy.

Answer

The density of water increases upon freezing.

Answer

Air bubbles become trapped within the ice.

Question 20

Water's high heat capacity means it can:

Accepted Answer

Absorb a large amount of heat without a large increase in its own temperature.

Answer

Freeze very quickly.

Answer

Boil at a relatively low temperature.

Answer

Dissolve only non-polar substances.

Question 21

Why is water considered the "universal solvent"?

Accepted Answer

It can dissolve more substances than any other natural liquid.

Answer

It is found everywhere on Earth.

Answer

All life requires water to survive.

Answer

It is perfectly neutral with a pH of 7.0.

Question 22

The bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a single water molecule are _____ than the hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules.

Accepted Answer

Stronger

Answer

Weaker

Answer

Equal in strength

Answer

Non-existent

Question 23

The transparency of seawater is crucial for marine ecosystems because it allows:

Accepted Answer

Sunlight to penetrate for photosynthesis by organisms.

Answer

Sound to travel faster.

Answer

Salts to dissolve easily.

Answer

Pressure to remain constant with depth.

Question 24

With every 10 meters of depth in the ocean, the pressure increases by approximately:

Accepted Answer

1 atmosphere

Answer

0.1 atmosphere

Answer

5 atmospheres

Answer

10 atmospheres

Question 25

Which of these factors generally increases the speed of sound in seawater?

Accepted Answer

Increased pressure

Answer

Decreased temperature

Answer

Decreased salinity

Answer

Increased cloud cover

Question 26

The total amount of salt dissolved in seawater is known as:

Accepted Answer

Salinity

Answer

Density

Answer

pH

Answer

Solubility

Question 27

Sodium and chloride make up approximately what percentage of the solutes in seawater?

Accepted Answer

85%

Answer

25%

Answer

50%

Answer

99%

Question 28

The "Rule of Constant Proportions" states that:

Accepted Answer

The major dissolved ions in seawater occur everywhere in the same proportions.

Answer

All oceans have the exact same salinity value.

Answer

Temperature is always proportional to salinity.

Answer

The density of seawater never changes.

Question 29

Which of these processes would lead to an increase in local seawater salinity?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Answer

Heavy precipitation

Answer

Melting of polar ice caps

Answer

River runoff

Question 30

The density of seawater is primarily controlled by:

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Wind speed

Answer

The amount of dissolved oxygen

Answer

The presence of marine life

Question 31

Ocean acidification is caused by the ocean absorbing excess ______ from the atmosphere, leading to a decrease in pH.

Accepted Answer

Carbon Dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 32

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 33

A cell membrane that allows some substances to pass through but blocks others is described as:

Accepted Answer

Selectively permeable

Answer

Impermeable

Answer

Fully permeable

Answer

Actively transporting

Question 34

What process allows cells to move materials against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP)?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 35

An organism like a jellyfish, whose internal solute concentration fluctuates with the salinity of the surrounding seawater, is an example of an:

Accepted Answer

Osmoconformer

Answer

Osmoregulator

Answer

Ectotherm

Answer

Endotherm

Question 36

An organism that maintains a stable internal body temperature regardless of the external temperature is called a:

Accepted Answer

Homeotherm

Answer

Ectotherm

Answer

Osmoconformer

Answer

Poikilotherm

Question 37

Marine mammals often have a thick layer of blubber, which serves as insulation. This is an adaptation primarily for:

Accepted Answer

Temperature regulation (maintaining body heat)

Answer

Buoyancy

Answer

Camouflage

Answer

Resisting water pressure

Question 38

The streamlined body shape of many fast-swimming marine animals like tuna or dolphins is an adaptation to reduce:

Accepted Answer

Water resistance due to viscosity

Answer

Heat loss

Answer

The effects of water pressure

Answer

Salt intake through the skin

Question 39

Some deep-sea organisms have very large eyes. This is likely an adaptation for:

Accepted Answer

Detecting bioluminescent prey or mates in dim light

Answer

Withstanding high pressure

Answer

Filtering plankton from the water

Answer

Navigating by stars

Question 40

Many fish possess a gas-filled sac called a swim bladder, which helps them control:

Accepted Answer

Their buoyancy

Answer

Their body temperature

Answer

Their digestion rate

Answer

Their salt balance

Question 41

The ozone layer is primarily found in the Troposphere.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Answer

It is primarily found in the Mesosphere.

Answer

It is not found in any specific layer.

Question 42

Deep ocean currents are primarily driven by wind.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Answer

They are primarily driven by the moon's gravity.

Answer

They are primarily driven by seismic activity.

Question 43

Continental crust is generally thinner and younger than oceanic crust.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Answer

It is thicker and younger than oceanic crust.

Answer

It has the same thickness and age as oceanic crust.

Question 44

When a salt crystal is added to water, the ionic bonds of the salt are strengthened by the water molecules.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Answer

The covalent bonds of the salt are strengthened.

Answer

Water molecules form new, stronger ionic bonds with each other.

Question 45

Carbon dioxide is less soluble in seawater than oxygen.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Answer

They have nearly identical solubility in seawater.

Answer

Neither gas is significantly soluble in seawater.

Question 46

Active transport requires a cell to expend energy (ATP).

Accepted Answer

True

Answer

False

Question 47

An ectotherm generates significant metabolic heat to maintain a body temperature higher than its surroundings.

Accepted Answer

False (Correct Answer)

Answer

True

Answer

Ectotherms use blubber for heat generation.

Answer

Ectotherms always have a body temperature lower than their surroundings.

Question 48

The tendency for the path of a moving object to shift to the right in the Northern Hemisphere is due to the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

Coriolis

Answer

Convection

Answer

Gyre

Answer

Subduction

Question 49

_____ cells in the atmosphere are formed by the rising of warm, less dense air and the sinking of cooler, denser air.

Accepted Answer

Convection

Answer

Coriolis

Answer

Thermohaline

Answer

Gyre

Question 50

The _____ is the rigid outer layer of Earth that includes the crust and the upper-most portion of the mantle.

Accepted Answer

Lithosphere

Answer

Asthenosphere

Answer

Troposphere

Answer

Atmosphere

Question 51

The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules due to hydrogen bonds is known as _____

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Solubility

Question 52

The measure of a fluid's resistance to flow is called _____

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Density

Answer

Salinity

Answer

Cohesion

Question 53

The global circulation pattern driven by differences in temperature and salinity is known as _____ circulation.

Accepted Answer

Thermohaline

Answer

Convection

Answer

Gyre

Answer

Coriolis

Question 54

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called _____

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Viscosity

Question 55

The layering of seawater based on differences in temperature and salinity is known as stratification, which is a result of varying.

Accepted Answer

Density

Answer

Salinity

Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Solubility

AqSicence Final Practice

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