when a thing perishes as when a house 's burned and reduced to ashes

• Physical loss

• Legal loss.

• Civil loss.

when a thing goes out of commerce (e.g., when it is expropriated) or when a thing heretofore legal becomes illegal (e.g., during the Japanese occupation, American dollars had become impossible since their use was forbidden by the belligerent occupant)

• Physical loss

• Legal loss.

• Civil loss.

when a thing disappears in such a way that its existence is unknown (e.g., a particular dog has been missing for sometime); or even if known, it cannot be recovered (Art. 1189[2].), whether as a matter of fact (e.g., a particular ring is dropped from a ship at sea) or of law (e.g., a property is lost through prescription).

• Physical loss

• Legal loss.

• Civil loss.

when only one party is obliged to comply with a prestation

• Unilateral.

• Bilateral.

• Reciprocal obligations

• Non-reciprocal obligations

when both parties are mutually bound to each other

• Unilateral.

• Bilateral.

• Reciprocal obligations

• Non-reciprocal obligations

are those which do not impose simultaneous and correlative performance on both parties. In other words, the performance of one party is not dependent upon the simultaneous performance by the other of his own obligation

• Unilateral.

• Bilateral.

• Reciprocal obligations

• Non-reciprocal obligations

Is the remedy available to an obligee when the obligor fails to comply with his obligation, to abrogate their contract as if it was never entered into, with the right to recover damages.

• Rescission

• Annulment

• Reformation

• Specific Performance

Is a future and certain event upon the arrival of which the obligation (or right) subject to it either arises or is terminated. It is a day certain which must necessarily come, although it may not be known when, like the death of a person.

• Period

• Condition

• Term

• Suspensive Condition

The obligation begins only from a day certain upon the arrival of period.

• Suspensive period

• Resolutory period

• Legal period

• Conventional or voluntary period.

• Judicial period.

The obligation is valid up to a day certain and terminates upon arrival of the period.

• Suspensive period

• Resolutory period

• Legal period

• Conventional or voluntary period.

• Judicial period.