Chapter 19 Biology Review - History of Life

Scientists who specialize in the study of fossils are called

• biologists.

• paleontologists.

• zoologists.

• geologists.

Sedimentary rocks usually form when layers of small particles are compressed

• in the atmosphere.

• in a snow field.

• in mountains.

• under water.

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Using C-14 to analyze organic material

• is a method of estimating absolute age.

• is a method of estimating relative age.

• can only be used on extremely ancient rock layers.

• is impossible because rock layers do not contain carbon.

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Half-life is the time required for half the atoms in a radioactive sample to

• decay.

• double.

• expand.

• be created.

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According to the theory of plate tectonics,

• Earth's climate has changed many times.

• Earth's continents move very slowly.

• evolution occurs at different rates.

• giant asteroids crashed into Earth in the past.

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Relative dating enables paleontologists to estimate a fossil's age by:

• Comparing the fossil's position in rock layers to determine its relative age

• Measuring the exact amount of radioactive isotopes in the fossil

• Using DNA analysis to determine the age

• Observing the color changes in the fossil over time

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Radioactivity is used to date rocks by:

• measuring the ratio of parent to daughter isotopes in a rock sample.

• observing the color of the rock.

• measuring the rock's temperature.

• counting the number of fossils in the rock.

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The geologic time scale is:

• A system of chronological dating that relates geological strata to time, developed through the study of rock layers and fossils.

• A method for measuring the depth of the ocean.

• A tool used to predict earthquakes.

• A chart showing the phases of the moon.

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How have the activities of organisms affected Earth's environment?

• They have had no effect on Earth's environment.

• They have only made Earth's environment colder.

• They have changed Earth's environment in many ways, such as altering the atmosphere and surface.

• They have only affected Earth's environment in the last 100 years.

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Calculate the age of a fossil containing 1/16 the amount of carbon-14 of living organisms?

• The fossil is 22,920 years old. (1/16 = 4 half-lives; 4 x 5730 = 22,920 years)

• The fossil is 11,460 years old. (1/8 = 3 half-lives; 3 x 5730 = 17,190 years)

• The fossil is 5,730 years old. (1/2 = 1 half-life; 1 x 5730 = 5,730 years)

• The fossil is 45,840 years old. (1/128 = 7 half-lives; 7 x 5730 = 40,110 years)