Quiz on Diabetes Pathophysiology

What is diabetes mellitus primarily characterized by?

• Increased sensitivity to insulin

• Excessive insulin production

• Defect in blood glucose regulation by insulin

• High levels of glucagon

Which type of diabetes is most prevalent in the Mexican population?

• Type 1 diabetes

• Gestational diabetes

• MODY

• Type 2 diabetes

What is the primary function of pancreatic β-cells?

• Secretion of pancreatic polypeptide

• Secretion of somatostatin

• Secretion of insulin

• Secretion of glucagon

What is a common consequence of hyperglycemia in diabetes?

• Increased insulin sensitivity

• Cellular apoptosis

• Enhanced glucose uptake

• Decreased blood pressure

Which receptor is involved in insulin signaling?

• GLUT1

• Fructose transporter

• Insulin receptor

• GLUT2

What is the role of GLUT2 in insulin secretion?

• Facilitates glucose transport into β-cells

• Increases insulin resistance

• Inhibits insulin release

• Stimulates glucagon secretion

What is the primary cause of Type 1 diabetes?

• Insulin resistance

• Autoimmune destruction of β-cells

• Obesity

• Genetic mutations

Which cytokine is known to induce apoptosis in β-cells?

• IL-1β

• TNF

• IL-6

• IFNγ

What is the effect of glucotoxicity on β-cells?

• Enhances insulin secretion

• Induces cell death

• Promotes cell proliferation

• Increases insulin sensitivity

What is the main factor contributing to insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes?

• High carbohydrate diet

• Genetic predisposition

• Obesity and sedentary lifestyle

• Excessive insulin production