Leaf Appendages and Modifications

What is the primary function of leaves?

• Photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

• Water storage and nutrient absorption.

• Support and structure for the plant.

• Protection against herbivores.

What are interpetiolar stipules?

• Stipules that are found only in flowering plants.

• Stipules of opposite leaves that are fused together to form two stipules on either side of the stem.

• Stipules that grow at the base of the leaf petiole.

• Stipules that are modified into thorns for protection.

What are leaves modified as hooks?

• Leaves that are modified into hooks for climbing.

• Leaves that are flat and broad for photosynthesis.

• Leaves that are thick and fleshy for water storage.

• Leaves that are needle-like for reducing water loss.

What is developmental heterophylly?

• Younger leaves that are sessile or ovate, changing shape as they mature.

• Leaves that are all the same shape throughout the plant's life.

• Leaves that change color based on environmental conditions.

• Leaves that are only present during the flowering stage.

Give an example of a plant with convolute or bud scales.

• Artocarpus heterophyllus

• Ficus carica

• Carya ovata

• Quercus robur

Provide an example of a plant exhibiting developmental heterophylly.

• Eucalyptus globulus

• Quercus robur

• Pinus sylvestris

• Acer saccharum

Provide an example of a plant exhibiting habitual heterophylly.

• Artocarpus integrifolia

• Ficus carica

• Citrus limon

• Malus domestica

What are intrapetiolar stipules?

• Stipules that are fused together and lie between the stem and petiole in the axil.

• Stipules that are separate and located at the base of the leaf.

• Stipules that are found only in aquatic plants.

• Stipules that are modified into thorns for protection.

What is a convolute or bud scale?

• Scales that protect the growing bud.

• A type of leaf structure that aids in photosynthesis.

• A protective layer for seeds during germination.

• A form of flower petal arrangement.

Provide an example of a plant with auricles.

• Wheat

• Corn

• Rice

• Barley