Earth Science SOL Unit 5.2 - Sedimentary Rocks

Match the examples with the correct types of sedimentary rock.

• Chemical

• Sandstone

• Organic

• Gypsum

• Clastic

• Coal

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes on Sedimentary Rocks.

Match the following descriptions with the correct types of sedimentary rocks.

• Chemical Sedimentary Rock

• Formed from the accumulation of plant or animal debris

• Clastic Sedimentary Rock

• Formed from the accumulation and mechanical weathering of debris

• Organic Sedimentary Rock

• Formed when minerals in solution become supersaturated and precipitate

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes on Sedimentary Rocks.

Which characteristic of sedimentary rocks provides evidence of past life forms and environments?

• Color

• Fossils

• Texture

• Porosity

Answer explanation

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of past life forms found in sedimentary rocks. They provide crucial evidence of ancient environments and the organisms that lived in them, making them key indicators of geological history.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

How do clastic textures in sedimentary rocks form?

• By interlocking mineral crystals

• By well-rounded grains from prolonged transport

• By discrete particles cemented together

• By volcanic eruptions

Answer explanation

Clastic textures in sedimentary rocks form by discrete particles cemented together. This process involves the accumulation and compaction of sediments, which are then bound by minerals, distinguishing them from other rock types.

Which of the following best describes the texture of a sedimentary rock with well-rounded grains?

• Clastic texture

• Crystalline texture

• Granular texture

• Glassy texture

Answer explanation

A sedimentary rock with well-rounded grains is best described as having a granular texture. This texture indicates that the grains are of similar size and shape, contributing to a uniform appearance.

How do sedimentary structures help geologists?

• They determine the color of the rock

• They are used in the interpretation of depositional environments

• They indicate the rock's age

• They show the rock's chemical composition

Answer explanation

Sedimentary structures provide insights into how and where sediments were deposited, helping geologists interpret past environments. This is crucial for understanding geological history, making the correct choice about depositional environments.

Which of the following minerals is commonly found in sedimentary rocks?

• Quartz

• Diamond

• Olivine

• Garnet

Answer explanation

Quartz is a common mineral found in sedimentary rocks due to its durability and resistance to weathering. In contrast, diamond, olivine, and garnet are typically found in igneous or metamorphic rocks.

Which TWO of the following are the uses of gypsum?

• Making jewelry

• Making plaster of Paris

• Making drywall

• Manufacturing glass

Answer explanation

Gypsum is primarily used to make plaster of Paris and drywall. Plaster of Paris is created by heating gypsum, while drywall is made from gypsum sandwiched between sheets of paper, making these the correct uses.

Explain how lithification contributes to the formation of sedimentary rocks.

• It melts sediments into magma.

• It transforms loose sediments into solid rock through compaction and cementation.

• It erodes rocks into smaller pieces.

• It cools magma into crystals.

Answer explanation

Lithification is the process that transforms loose sediments into solid rock through compaction and cementation, making it essential for the formation of sedimentary rocks.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

A construction company needs a material for building stones and hardcore cement roads. Which TWO of the following sedimentary rocks should they consider using, based on the uses mentioned?

• Limestone

• Sandstone

• Basalt

• Shale

Answer explanation

Limestone and sandstone are both sedimentary rocks suitable for construction. Limestone is used for its durability, while sandstone is ideal for roads due to its strength and availability.