Nuclear Reactions Final Exam Review

During the fission reaction shown, how did the target nucleus change? A diagram is provided showing a target nucleus splitting into two products and releasing free neutrons.

• The target nucleus split into two nuclei, each with fewer nucleons than the original.

• The target nucleus broke into five different nuclei.

• The target nucleus broke into pieces made up of three kinds of nucleons.

• The target nucleus became two nuclei, with more total mass than the original nucleus.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Which statement describes one way that nuclear fission differs from nuclear fusion?

• Nuclear fission can occur spontaneously.

• It is more difficult to start and control nuclear fission.

• The temperature required for nuclear fission is more than 15 million degrees Celsius.

• Nuclear fission can be sustained only in the Sun and other stars.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

Chemical reactions and nuclear reactions cause matter to change in different ways. Which two statements describe how matter changes only in a chemical reaction?

• The elements stay the same.

• Atoms and their electrons are rearranged.

• The nuclei of the atoms change.

• New atoms and elements are formed.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-7

In which reaction are the atoms of elements rearranged?

• Sodium combines with chlorine to form sodium chloride.

• Two isotopes of hydrogen fuse to form helium.

• Uranium-235 breaks apart into krypton, barium, and three neutrons.

• A neutron fuses with plutonium-239 to form plutonium-240.

Which type of process does a nuclear power plant use to produce electricity?

• Nuclear fission

• Nuclear fusion

• Combustion

• Nuclear decay

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Which process produces the energy that powers a solar calculator?

• Nuclear fusion

• Nuclear fission

• Radioactive decay

• Chemical decay

Uranium-235 undergoes fission, forming krypton-92, barium-141, and 3 neutrons. The mass of the uranium-235 is greater than the total mass of the products. Which statement explains this difference in mass?

• Mass was transformed into energy during the process.

• Mass was destroyed and disappeared during the process.

• Some of the mass was transformed into gases during the process.

• Some of the mass was transformed into neutrons during the process.

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Radiation from which type of decay has the most energy?

• Gamma decay

• Alpha decay

• Beta decay

• Electromagnetic decay

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Phosphorus-32 undergoes beta decay. Which particle correctly completes the equation to show that the numbers of nucleons on the two sides of the equation are equal?

• ₋₁⁰e

• ₂⁴He

• ₊₁⁰e

• ₂²He

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8

How does this equation show that transmutation has taken place?

• One element changes into another.

• Atoms of different elements are present.

• The numbers of neither nucleons nor atoms are conserved.

• The number of nucleons is not conserved.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-8