What is the difference between anticline and syncline when referring to the bend in a rock?

Anticline bends upward into an arch, syncline bends downward.

Anticline bends downward, syncline bends upward.

Both anticline and syncline bend upward.

Both anticline and syncline bend downward.

Which of the following correctly describes the energy transformations that occur in a hydroelectric plant, a microwave, a light bulb, and a car?

Hydroelectric plant: Mechanical to electrical; Microwave: Electrical to thermal; Light bulb: Electrical to light; Car: Chemical to mechanical

Hydroelectric plant: Electrical to mechanical; Microwave: Mechanical to electrical; Light bulb: Chemical to light; Car: Electrical to thermal

Hydroelectric plant: Chemical to electrical; Microwave: Electrical to mechanical; Light bulb: Mechanical to light; Car: Electrical to chemical

Hydroelectric plant: Thermal to electrical; Microwave: Chemical to thermal; Light bulb: Electrical to mechanical; Car: Light to chemical

What does the following statement mean: “In a system, when energy is transformed from one form to another the total energy is conserved.”?

The total amount of energy remains the same, only its form changes.

Energy can be created or destroyed in a system.

Energy is always lost during transformation.

Energy transformation only occurs in living systems.

DNA is composed of nucleotides, which include nitrogen bases. Which of the following correctly lists the nitrogen bases in DNA and their pairing?

Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine

Adenine-Guanine, Thymine-Cytosine

Adenine-Cytosine, Guanine-Thymine

Adenine-Uracil, Guanine-Cytosine

What is the difference between the nitrogen bases in DNA and RNA?

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

Both DNA and RNA contain thymine.

Both DNA and RNA contain uracil.

How many alleles control blood type? How many alleles control a widow’s peak, facial dimples?

Blood type: 3 alleles; Widow’s peak: 2 alleles; Facial dimples: 2 alleles

Blood type: 2 alleles; Widow’s peak: 3 alleles; Facial dimples: 3 alleles

Blood type: 2 alleles; Widow’s peak: 2 alleles; Facial dimples: 3 alleles

Blood type: 3 alleles; Widow’s peak: 3 alleles; Facial dimples: 2 alleles

Sea-floor spreading is:

the process by which new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and slowly moves away from the ridge

the movement of continents over the Earth's surface

the process of erosion of the sea floor by ocean currents

the subduction of oceanic plates beneath continental plates

What must be included in a habitat for an organism to survive?

Food, water, shelter, and space

Which of the following best defines the terms: habitat, population, species, and community?

Habitat is where an organism lives; population is a group of the same species; species are organisms that can breed; community is all populations in an area.

Habitat is a group of species; population is where an organism lives; species are all populations; community is a single organism.

Habitat is all populations; population is a single organism; species is where an organism lives; community is a group of the same species.

Habitat is a single organism; population is all communities; species is a group of communities; community is where an organism lives.

Which of the following lists contains only biotic factors?

Plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, humans

Sunlight, water, soil, temperature, air

Rocks, minerals, wind, sunlight, water

Temperature, humidity, pH, light, soil

What abiotic factors are used by producers in photosynthesis to make their own food?

Water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide

Define independent variable and dependent variable. What else can we call an independent variable? A dependent variable?

An independent variable is also called a manipulated variable, and a dependent variable is also called a responding variable.

An independent variable is also called a responding variable, and a dependent variable is also called a manipulated variable.

An independent variable is also called a controlled variable, and a dependent variable is also called a constant variable.

An independent variable is also called a measured variable, and a dependent variable is also called a manipulated variable.

Which of the following best describes what you need to “control” (keep the same) in an experiment for it to be valid?

The variables that are not being tested, to ensure a fair test

The independent variable, to see its effect

The dependent variable, to measure the outcome

The hypothesis, to keep the experiment consistent

Which of the following best defines a scientific law and a scientific theory, and provides an example of each from this year?

A scientific law describes a consistent natural phenomenon; a scientific theory explains why it happens. Example: Law of Conservation of Mass (law), Theory of Evolution (theory).

A scientific law is a guess; a scientific theory is a proven fact. Example: Law of Gravity (law), Theory of Relativity (theory).

A scientific law and a scientific theory are the same thing. Example: Law of Thermodynamics (law), Theory of Plate Tectonics (theory).

A scientific law explains why things happen; a scientific theory describes what happens. Example: Law of Inertia (law), Theory of Germs (theory).

What is scientific knowledge and explain how it changes. Give an example of how scientific knowledge has changed over time and caused a theory to change.

Scientific knowledge is based on evidence and can change when new evidence is discovered, such as the change from the geocentric to the heliocentric model of the solar system.

Scientific knowledge is fixed and never changes; theories remain the same over time.

Scientific knowledge is based on opinions and changes randomly.

Scientific knowledge is unrelated to evidence and does not affect theories.

The electromagnetic spectrum is:

A range of all types of electromagnetic radiation.

A device used to measure electricity.

A method of generating sound waves.

List the electromagnetic spectrum from lowest frequency and longest wavelength to highest frequency and shortest wavelength.

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

Gamma rays, X-rays, Ultraviolet, Visible light, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio waves

Visible light, Infrared, Microwaves, Radio waves, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

Microwaves, Radio waves, Infrared, Visible light, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

Which wavelength has the most energy? Which wavelength has the least energy?

Short wavelength has the most energy; long wavelength has the least energy.

Long wavelength has the most energy; short wavelength has the least energy.

Energy does not depend on wavelength.

Which of the following is an example of a use for each wavelength?

Radio waves - Broadcasting, Microwaves - Cooking, Infrared - Remote controls, Visible light - Vision, Ultraviolet - Sterilization, X-rays - Medical imaging, Gamma rays - Cancer treatment

Radio waves - Cooking, Microwaves - Broadcasting, Infrared - Medical imaging, Visible light - Sterilization, Ultraviolet - Vision, X-rays - Remote controls, Gamma rays - Cancer treatment

Radio waves - Medical imaging, Microwaves - Vision, Infrared - Broadcasting, Visible light - Cooking, Ultraviolet - Remote controls, X-rays - Sterilization, Gamma rays - Broadcasting

Radio waves - Sterilization, Microwaves - Cancer treatment, Infrared - Cooking, Visible light - Medical imaging, Ultraviolet - Broadcasting, X-rays - Vision, Gamma rays - Remote controls

The order of the visible spectrum is:

Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red

Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet

Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Indigo

Green, Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Indigo, Blue

How does density of a medium affect the speed of sound?

The speed of sound decreases as density increases.

The speed of sound increases as density increases.

The speed of sound is not affected by density.

The speed of sound remains constant in all media.

Compare how sound travels through the following mediums at the same temperature. Water, Air and Steel.

Sound travels fastest in steel, slower in water, and slowest in air.

Sound travels fastest in air, slower in water, and slowest in steel.

Sound travels at the same speed in all three mediums.

Sound travels fastest in water, slower in steel, and slowest in air.

It is important to make sure that experiments are written clearly and well documented because:

It ensures results can be replicated and understood by others.

It makes the experiment more expensive.

It reduces the need for any documentation.

It allows for faster completion of experiments.

The steps of the scientific method are:

Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion

Guessing, Testing, Forgetting, Repeating

Observation, Prediction, Experiment, Ignoring, Conclusion

Hypothesis, Analysis, Guessing, Reporting

What is the difference between repetition and replication in scientific research?

repetition involves repeating an experiment with new data, while replication uses the same data and methods.

Reproduction and replication both mean repeating an experiment with the same data.

Reproduction uses the same data, while replication uses new data.

Reproduction and replication are unrelated concepts in scientific research.

The theory of plate tectonics explains:

The movement of Earth's lithospheric plates and their interactions

The formation of stars in the universe

The process of photosynthesis in plants

The structure of the human cell

What is the law of superposition?

It states that in undisturbed layers of rock, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.

It states that all rocks are formed at the same time.

It states that fossils are only found in the top layer of rocks.

It states that rocks cannot change over time.

How does fossil evidence support the law of superposition?

Fossil evidence shows that older fossils are found in lower rock layers and younger fossils in upper layers.

Fossil evidence proves that all fossils are the same age.

Fossil evidence shows that fossils are randomly distributed in rock layers.

Fossil evidence shows that fossils only exist in the topmost rock layers.

The law of superposition can be used to determine the relative age of rock layers in a canyon. Which statement best describes how this law is applied?

The youngest rock layers are found at the top and the oldest at the bottom.

The oldest rock layers are found at the top and the youngest at the bottom.

All rock layers are the same age.

The law of superposition cannot be used in canyons.

Which of the following correctly compares longitudinal waves and transverse waves?

Longitudinal waves have vibrations parallel to the direction of wave travel, while transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

Longitudinal waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of wave travel, while transverse waves have vibrations parallel to the direction of wave travel.

Both longitudinal and transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

Both longitudinal and transverse waves have vibrations parallel to the direction of wave travel.

What are the characteristics of the following seismic waves created by Earthquakes? S waves, P waves.

S waves are slower and cannot travel through liquids; P waves are faster and can travel through both solids and liquids.

S waves are faster and can travel through both solids and liquids; P waves are slower and cannot travel through liquids.

Both S waves and P waves travel at the same speed and can travel through all materials.

S waves and P waves are only found at the Earth's surface.

Compare and contrast the movement of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves.

Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum, while mechanical waves require a medium.

Both electromagnetic and mechanical waves require a medium to travel.

Mechanical waves can travel through a vacuum, while electromagnetic waves require a medium.

Neither electromagnetic nor mechanical waves require a medium to travel.

How does altitude and temperature impact the speed of sound?

The speed of sound decreases with altitude and increases with temperature.

The speed of sound increases with altitude and decreases with temperature.

The speed of sound increases with both altitude and temperature.

The speed of sound decreases with both altitude and temperature.

How is mechanical energy calculated?

By adding kinetic energy and potential energy

By multiplying force and distance

By subtracting potential energy from kinetic energy

Thermal energy moves in which of the following ways?

By conduction, convection, and radiation

How does a vacuum impact the flow of thermal energy?

A vacuum decreases the flow of thermal energy.

A vacuum increases the flow of thermal energy.

A vacuum has no effect on the flow of thermal energy.

A vacuum allows thermal energy to flow faster.

Natural selection and artificial selection are similar in that they both:

Result in changes in traits of organisms over generations

Occur without human intervention

Are always beneficial to the species

Selection impacts the change over time of a species by:

Causing certain traits to become more common over generations

Increasing genetic diversity within the species

Preventing any changes in the species

Eliminating all variations in the species

The order of nitrogen bases along a gene determines:

the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Which of the following best defines predation, competition, commensalism, and mutualism?

Types of interactions between organisms in an ecosystem

Processes of photosynthesis and respiration

Levels of biological organization

Which of the following is an example of predation, competition, commensalism, and mutualism?

Lion hunting a zebra, two birds fighting for food, barnacles on a whale, bees pollinating flowers

Bee pollinating a flower, two lions hunting together, remora fish on a shark, lion hunting a zebra

Barnacles on a whale, two birds sharing a nest, lion hunting a zebra, bees pollinating flowers

Two birds fighting for food, lion hunting a zebra, bees pollinating flowers, barnacles on a whale

How does the increase of a predatory population effect a prey population?

It causes the prey population to decrease.

It causes the prey population to increase.

It has no effect on the prey population.

It causes the prey population to remain stable.

What are different types of scientific models? Give an example of each type.

Physical, mathematical, and conceptual models; e.g., globe, equation, and theory

Only physical models; e.g., globe

Only mathematical models; e.g., equation

Only conceptual models; e.g., theory

4th Quarter Comprehensive Study Guide - Science Exam Review

Authored by Kiersten Huggins

Physics

7th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 21+ times

4th Quarter Comprehensive Study Guide - Science Exam Review

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74 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What did Darwin conclude about organisms on the Galapagos Islands?

They were identical to those on the mainland.

They had adapted to their specific environments.

They could not survive on the islands.

They were all the same species.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How does natural selection lead to evolution?

By causing random changes in organisms

By favoring traits that help organisms survive and reproduce

By preventing any changes in species

By eliminating all genetic variation

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The relative age of a rock is:

the age of the rock compared to other rocks

the exact number of years since the rock formed

the chemical composition of the rock

the location where the rock was found

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What is an examples of a useful metamorphic rocks?

Marble

sandstone

granite

Tags

NGSS.2-PS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

How are rocks changed into metamorphic rocks?

By melting and cooling

By heat and pressure

By weathering and erosion

By deposition and compaction

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Compare and contrast nonfoliated and foliated metamorphic rock.

Nonfoliated rocks have no layered appearance, while foliated rocks have a banded or layered look.

Nonfoliated rocks are always harder than foliated rocks.

Foliated rocks are formed only from igneous rocks, while nonfoliated rocks are formed from sedimentary rocks.

Nonfoliated rocks contain fossils, while foliated rocks do not.

Tags

NGSS.2-PS1-1

NGSS.2-PS1-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following correctly matches the processes in the rock cycle with their definitions: compaction, cementation, erosion, and deposition?

Compaction is the process of sediments being pressed together; cementation is when minerals glue sediments together; erosion is the movement of sediments; deposition is the laying down of sediments.

Compaction is the movement of sediments; cementation is the laying down of sediments; erosion is the process of sediments being pressed together; deposition is when minerals glue sediments together.

Compaction is when minerals glue sediments together; cementation is the movement of sediments; erosion is the laying down of sediments; deposition is the process of sediments being pressed together.

Compaction is the laying down of sediments; cementation is the process of sediments being pressed together; erosion is when minerals glue sediments together; deposition is the movement of sediments.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

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4th Quarter Comprehensive Study Guide - Science Exam Review

What did Darwin conclude about organisms on the Galapagos Islands?

How does natural selection lead to evolution?

The relative age of a rock is:

What is an examples of a useful metamorphic rocks?

How are rocks changed into metamorphic rocks?

Compare and contrast nonfoliated and foliated metamorphic rock.

Which of the following correctly matches the processes in the rock cycle with their definitions: compaction, cementation, erosion, and deposition?

What is the difference between anticline and syncline when referring to the bend in a rock?

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy ?

Which of the following correctly describes the energy transformations that occur in a hydroelectric plant, a microwave, a light bulb, and a car?

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