1. What does the MapReduce framework abstract from the user?

• File system configuration

• Data flow and network configuration

• Data flow and flow of control

• Task dependencies only

2. 2. What is the role of the Combiner function in MapReduce?

• 2. It merges local data to reduce communication costs

• 2. It replaces the Reduce function

• 2. It partitions data

• 2. It formats the output

3. 3. What is the structure used by Dryad to represent a distributed job?

• 3. Linked list

• 3. Directed cyclic graph

• 3. Directed acyclic graph

• 3. Unordered tree

4. 4. What makes Dryad more flexible compared to MapReduce?

• 4. Use of AI optimization

• 4. Predefined data flows

• 4. Real-time OS integration

• 4. User-defined data flow via DAGs

5. 5. What is the main purpose of DryadLINQ?

• 5. Enable large-scale distributed computing for ordinary programmers

• 5. Create SQL-like queries

• 5. Allow low-level programming of distributed systems

• 5. Replace Hadoop in Microsoft systems

6. 6. What is a characteristic of Dryad’s execution model?

• 6. Requires predefined input formats

• 6. Allows dynamic changes to the DAG

• 6. Works only on Windows OS

• 6. Uses SQL-based queries only

7. 7. Which of the following is NOT a valid step in DryadLINQ execution?

• 7. Constructing expression trees

• 7. Graph optimization

• 7. Direct file transfer between clients

• 7. Mapping expression tree to a DAG

8. 8. In Eucalyptus, what is the function of “Walrus”?

• 8. Hypervisor

• 8. Compute Controller

• 8. Block storage manager

• 8. File and VM image storage

9. 9. What open-source cloud platform uses a DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) for dataflow programming?

• 9. Nimbus

• 9. OpenStack

• 9. Dryad

• 9. Aneka

10. 10. What is the core function of OpenNebula?

• 10. Schedules and stores container logs

• 10. Provides database services

• 10. Manages VM lifecycle, networking, and storage

• 10. Emulates EC2 APIs