Attachment - up to Cultural Variations

Leo, a 14-month-old, is sitting on the floor stacking blocks while his father watches from across the room. He frequently glances over, pausing briefly before continuing his activity. Which behaviour is Leo showing?

• Separation Anxiety

• Strange Anxiety

• Secure Base

• Reunion Behaviour

Leo is playing with blocks on the floor, an unfamiliar adult enters and kneels nearby, picking up one of the blocks and holding it out to him. Leo stiffens, grips the remaining blocks tightly, and shifts his gaze to his father before cautiously reaching for the offered piece. Which behaviour is Leo showing?

• Separation Anxiety

• Strange Anxiety

• Secure Base

• Reunion Behaviour

Dr. Patel, a developmental psychologist, wants to investigate attachment patterns across different cultures. She selects five countries—France, Brazil, South Korea, India, and Canada—to conduct her Strange Situation study. Based on past findings from Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg, which of the following is the most likely outcome of Dr. Patel’s study?

• 1. All five countries show identical attachment distributions: Secure (65%), Avoidant (21%), Resistant (14%), with no cultural differences.

• South Korea and India reveal a greater percentage of resistant infants compared to avoidant infants.

• 1. France and Canada show a lower rate of secure attachment (50%) compared to the other countries, with the remaining attachment types equally distributed.

• 1. Brazil shows the highest percentage of avoidant infants, surpassing secure and resistant attachment styles.