Proteins

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living systems? Choose the correct option.

• A) Carrying substances throughout the body

• B) Constructing new structures

• C) Storing genetic information

• D) Aiding in digestion

How many different amino acids are used to build proteins in living cells?

• 20

• 10

• 64

• 4

Proteins are formed from amino acids through which process, as shown in the diagram?

• Photosynthesis

• Transcription

• Translation

• Respiration

All proteins are made from the same 20 amino acids, but their sequence and structure determine their function.

• True

• False

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Using the diagram, which THREE sentences correctly describe the hormones?

• The hormones perform the same function.

• The hormones have two unique amino acids.

• The hormones have the same number of amino acids.

• The hormones perform different functions.

• The hormones have the same amino acids.

A biology student creates a table that shows the function of the four major macromolecules. Macromolecule | Function --- | --- lipids | transport oxygen in the blood proteins | help with muscle contractions ucleic acids | store and transmit genetic information carbohydrates | provide usable chemical energy for cells For which macromolecule does the student list an incorrect function?

• the lipids, because they are responsible for long-term energy storage

• the proteins, because they are responsible for helping plants retain water

• the carbohydrates, because they are responsible for the structure of the cell membrane

• the nucleic acids, because they are responsible for providing support for the immune system

Which THREE statements BEST describe proteins?

• B. Proteins are long, folded chains of amino acids.

• C. Proteins are bonded together to form simple sugars.

• D. The shape of a protein molecule determines its function.

• A. Proteins aid in chemical reactions.

• E. Proteins can be used for long-term energy storage.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How are amino acids linked together to form a chain?

• by hydrogen bonds

• by peptide bonds

• by nuclear bonds

• by double bonds

Which organic compound is correctly paired with its subunit?

• fatty acid and DNA

• protein and amino acid

• carbohydrate and glycerol

• lipid and glucose

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Plants can transport water and soluble organic compounds through xylem and phloem. Xylem carries water and solutes from a plant's roots to its leaves. Phloem is able to transport soluble compounds, such as sugar, to the parts of the plant where it is needed. Due to its molecular structure, sugar is soluble in water and can move through cell walls through osmosis. On the other hand, the molecular structure of starch leaves it insoluble in water, making it unable to move through cell walls by osmosis. Plants can convert starches to sugars, and sugars to starches, depending on the plant's needs.

• Xylem is only needed in plants that are poor producers of sugar.

• The molecular structure of starch makes it good for storing energy in plant cells.

• After sugar is converted to starch, osmosis is needed to remove the starch as waste.

• Plants need more sugars than starches, because sugars are more readily available for energy use.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5