Final Exam Study Guide - Spring 2025

Label the Enzyme, Substrate, Active Site, & Products in the blank diagram below.

• a. Enzyme b. Substrate c. Products d. Active Site

• a. Substrate b. Products c. Enzyme d. Active Site

• a. Products b. Enzyme c. Substrate d. Active Site

• a. Active Site b. Enzyme c. Products d. Substrate

An enzyme and substrate fit together like:

• a lock and key

• oil and water

• a hammer and nail

• a pen and paper

An enzyme can be denatured by which of the following? What does denaturation mean?

• By exposure to high temperature or extreme pH; it means the enzyme loses its shape and function.

• By adding more substrate; it means the enzyme works faster.

• By cooling the enzyme; it means the enzyme becomes more active.

• By increasing enzyme concentration; it means the enzyme is destroyed.

What is the ideal temperature and pH of the enzyme in the graph? (Refer to the graphs labeled 'Temperature' and 'Acid or base (pH)')

• The ideal temperature is about 37°C and the ideal pH is about 7.

• The ideal temperature is about 25°C and the ideal pH is about 3.

• The ideal temperature is about 50°C and the ideal pH is about 9.

• The ideal temperature is about 10°C and the ideal pH is about 5.

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What happens to the enzyme outside the ideal temperature and pH?

• The enzyme becomes more active

• The enzyme denatures and loses its function

• The enzyme changes into a carbohydrate

• The enzyme produces more products

What are the three cellular structures found in all cells?

• Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes

• Nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

• Cell wall, vacuole, and lysosomes

• Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes

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What is a prokaryotic cell?

• A prokaryotic cell is a cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Examples: Bacteria, Archaea

• A prokaryotic cell is a cell that contains a well-defined nucleus and many membrane-bound organelles. Examples: Plants, Animals

• A prokaryotic cell is a cell that only exists in multicellular organisms. Examples: Fungi, Plants

• A prokaryotic cell is a cell that can only survive in extreme environments. Examples: Algae, Protozoa

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What is a Eukaryotic cell?

• A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Examples: Animal cells, Plant cells, Fungi, Protists

• A eukaryotic cell is a cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Examples: Bacteria, Archaea

• A eukaryotic cell is a cell that only exists in viruses and prions.

• A eukaryotic cell is a cell that can only survive in extreme environments like hot springs and salt lakes.

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Complete the following table. Explain how one or more of the parts of an animal cell help the cell to carry out each of the listed activities of life. The Chloroplast - ________________

• Chloroplasts are not found in animal cells; they are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis.

• Chloroplasts in animal cells help in breaking down food to release energy.

• Chloroplasts in animal cells are responsible for protein synthesis.

• Chloroplasts in animal cells store genetic information.

Which of the following examples best supports the claim that "The structure of a cell is related to its function"?

• Red blood cells are disc-shaped to carry oxygen efficiently.

• All cells have the same shape regardless of their function.

• Cell structure does not affect its function.

• Cells with the same function have different structures.

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