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According to Vedanta philosophy, the ultimate reality or pure consciousness is known as:

• Prakriti

• Brahman

• Atman

• Maya

Which school of psychology focused on analyzing the basic elements of conscious experience through introspection?

• Structuralism

• Functionalism

• Behaviorism

• Gestalt Psychology

In Indian psychology, which system emphasizes the eightfold path (Ashtanga Yoga) for self-realization and mastery over the mind?

• Vedanta

• Sankhya

• Yoga

•  Nyaya

The debate between free will and determinism in psychology concerns:

• Whether behavior is driven by unconscious motives
  

• Whether mental illness is biological or environmental

•  Whether human actions are freely chosen or caused by external/internal forces
  

• Whether emotions are learned or innate

Which psychological school emphasized the idea that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”?

• Structuralism

• Functionalism

• Behaviorism

• Gestalt Psychology

Who is considered the founder of classical behaviourism and emphasized the study of observable behavior only?

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

• Edward Tolman

• William James

  
  

Which neo-behaviourist introduced the concept of cognitive maps and purposive behaviorism?

•  B.F. Skinner
  

• John B. Watson

• Edward Tolman
  

• Clark Hull

  
  

According to B.F. Skinner, behavior is primarily shaped through:

• Mental representations

•  Operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning

• Cognitive maps

The information processing approach in cognitive psychology compares the human mind to:

• A reflex machine
  

• A computer
  

• A social organism
  

• A stimulus-response chain

Clark Hull is best known for developing:

• Classical conditioning theory

• The law of effect
  

• Drive reduction theory

•  Observational learning theory