Rethinking and Performing Sustainability: A Critical Perspective

1. Which approach does not follow a human-natural dualism (人與自然二元論)?

• Enlightenment thinking

• Ecological economy

• Christian theology

• Romanticism

2. Which term refers to “the centers where extraction geographically expands, colonizing new land in search for cheap raw materials, labor, land”?

• Commodification

• Social metabolism

• Commodity frontiers

• Metabolic rift

3. 3. Which statement is rejected by post-developmentism (後發展主義) ?

• We need to challenge the ideology of capitalism and economic growth.

• Countries in the Global South need to create their own development pathways towards modernity.

• Development is not a shared, all-positive experience.

• We need to recognize and respect different ways of imagining life and existence.

Which SDG is most criticized by critical scholars and activists?

• SDG 1- No poverty

• SDG 9- Industry, innovation and infrastructure

• SDG 12- Responsible consumption and production

• SDG 8- Decent work and economic growth

Which is the criticism of critical scholars on mainstream sustainable development agenda?

• It is often co-opted by powerful companies and governments as a green cover for business as usual.

• The win-win assumption between economic growth and socio-ecological wellbeing through efficiency improvement does not hold in reality.

• The obsession with economic growth is in fact the cause of unsustainability, rather than a solution to issues of poverty and environmental degradation

• All of the above

Which group faces most direct violent acts in environmental conflicts?

• Women

• Indigenous people

• Urban poor

• Elderly farmers

Which country is the origin of the degrowth movement?

• United Kingdom

• Germany

• Finland

• France

Which statement about sustainable degrowth is CORRECT?

• Degrowth is the opposite of growth.

• Degrowth is about less and different.

• Degrowth means that all sectors of the economy should shrink.

• Degrowth means rejecting all kinds of business and markets.

Which one is NOT a key element of sustainable degrowth?

• Care

• Simplicity

• Mindfulness

• Democracy

Which concept means “the ability of a socio-ecological system to change, adapt, and transform in response to stress and strains”?

• Resistance

• Resilience

• Vulnerability

• Sensitivity