One of the economic effects of the Crusades was it encouraged the use of —

• coin manufacturing

• shipping

• paper money

• credit and banking

As a result of the expansion of trade after the Crusades, all the following items were traded EXCEPT —

• silver

• silk

• spices

• textiles

Cause:?

Effect: Secularization of Northern Italy

Which of the following best completes the graphic?

• The risw of the feudal system in Europe

• The use of the barter system increased in Europe

• The bank's practice of charging interest

• The Curch increased the use of usury

How did the Crusades stimulate trade in Europe?

• Expanded the Church's use of the usury

• Introduced Europeans to products from the Middle East

• Discouraged the use of credit to pay for goods

• Ended contact between the Europeans and Middle Easterners

Which of the following best completes the graphic?

• Letters of Credit

• Use of Arabic Numbers

• Church Rules on Usury

• Closure of Banks

Church rule against usury, and the banks’ practice of charging interest, helped to secularize which area?

• Southern England

• Wales

• Northern Italy

• Southern France

Which artist created this masterpiece?

• Eduard Monet

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Petrarch

• Michelangelo

Which political philosopher maintained that “the end justifies the means?”

• Plato

• Thomas Moore

• Miguel Cervantes

• Nicolo Machiavelli

The Prince was written by —

• Nicolo Machiavelli

• Thomas Moore

• Martin Luther

• Leonardo da Vinci

In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli explained why it is necessary for leaders to have —

• political equality

• democratic participation

• constitutional government

• absolute power