Spring 2025 Final Practice

Which scientist used observations to support the heliocentric theory, facing opposition from the Church?

• Copernicus

• Galileo Galilei

• Isaac Newton

• Rene Descartes

What term describes the philosophical approach of using reason to understand the universe, associated with the Enlightenment?

• Deism

• Social contract

• Geocentric

• Romanticism

Who argued that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

• Voltaire

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

What concept, associated with Rousseau, suggests that government authority comes from the consent of the governed?

• Laissez faire

• Social contract

• Nationalism

• Realpolitik

Which philosopher used satire to criticize religious intolerance and promote free speech?

• Copernicus

• Voltaire

• Galileo Galilei

• Charles Darwin

What does the term 'heliocentric' refer to?

• The belief that the Earth is the center of the universe

• The belief that the Sun is the center of the solar system

• A system of government power distribution

• A method of scientific inquiry

Who developed the idea of 'I think, therefore I am' to emphasize rational thought?

• Rene Descartes

• Isaac Newton

• John Locke

• Baron de Montesquieu

Which Enlightenment thinker proposed dividing government into three branches to prevent tyranny?

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Voltaire

• Baron de Montesquieu

• Simon Bolivar

What was the name of the French government body established after the Reign of Terror?

• Committee of Public Safety

• The Directory

• French Estates

• Continental System

Who was the military leader who rose to power after the French Revolution and created the Code Napoleon?

• Louis XVI

• Maximilien de Robespierre

• Napoleon Bonaparte

• Otto von Bismarck