Decolonization in Africa

What was the purpose of Britain’s policy of “indirect rule” in the Gold Coast?

• To train African chiefs to take full control of the colony

• To appear to give Africans power while keeping real control

• To allow complete self-government for the local population

• To eliminate traditional African leadership structures

How did Kwame Nkrumah’s ideas and actions differ from those of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC)?

• He wanted to work more closely with the British colonial government

• He demanded immediate independence and mass action

• He believed independence should be delayed until after World War II

• He focused only on economic reforms, not political change

Why did Nkrumah create the Convention People’s Party (CPP)?

• To oppose the Mau Mau Uprising

• To support British policies on trade and development

• To organize mass movements for immediate independence

• To promote indirect rule through African chiefs

Which of the following best describes the Positive Action Campaign?

• An effort to train African police to replace British soldiers

• A plan to divide Ghana into smaller independent regions

• A movement that used strikes and protests to challenge colonial rule

• A strategy to gain independence through armed rebellion

What did Nkrumah mean when he said, “The independence of Ghana is meaningless unless it is linked up with the total liberation of Africa”?

• Ghana should conquer its neighbors to unify Africa

• True freedom for Ghana depends on all of Africa being free

• Ghana needed help from European countries to stay independent

• Africa was better off under European control

How did the structure of colonial rule in Kenya differ from that in Ghana?

• Kenya had no African resistance to colonialism

• Kenya was a settler colony with direct and violent British control

• Kenya had a peaceful transition to independence

• Kenya’s leaders were trained in Britain to take over gradually

What was the goal of the Mau Mau Uprising?

• To support the British government

• To create a united African army across the continent

• To demand land and freedom for African communities

• To remove Jomo Kenyatta from leadership

Why did Jomo Kenyatta become a symbol of resistance in Kenya?

• He was blamed for the Mau Mau Uprising and later led peaceful efforts for independence

• He led the British forces against the Mau Mau fighters

• He created the first settler colony in Kenya

• He refused to participate in the independence movement

What challenge did ethnic divisions—especially involving the Kikuyu—present to Kenya’s independence movement?

• They helped unify the independence movement

• They created internal conflicts that weakened resistance

• They were supported by the Mau Mau fighters

• They encouraged cooperation with British settlers

Which of the following statements best compares the independence movements in Ghana and Kenya?

• Both countries achieved independence through armed struggle

• Ghana used violence while Kenya relied only on political negotiation

• Ghana’s movement was more political, while Kenya’s involved more violence

• Kenya achieved independence much earlier than Ghana