Biology Regents Review: Structure & Function

1. What are the levels of biological organization, starting from the smallest living unit?

• cell

• organ

• tissue

• multicellular organism

• system

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1. What process do organs work together to maintain, such as the lungs and heart balancing O₂ and CO₂?

(a)  

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1. What is the smallest unit of life?

(a)  

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1. What type of feedback is represented by the following example:

2. blood sugar increases → pancreas releases insulin → blood sugar decreases

• negative

• positive

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Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:

• negative feedback loop
• positive feedback loop

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Homeostasis

• allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
• is impossible in vertebrates
• is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
• is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation

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What type of feedback loop is shown?

• negative
• neutral 
• positive

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Humans have ___ for body temperature, blood glucose concentrations, electrolyte concentrations, pH levels, tendon tension and variables.

• positive feedback mechanisms
• set points
• a wide internal range
• no regulation

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When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed. This is an example of what type of feedback?

• Positive Feedback Response

• Negative Feedback Loop

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Chains of amino acids fold into ______________.

• traits

• DNA

• proteins

• nucleotides

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