Biology Regents Review 3: Inheritance and Evolution

A woman develops skin cancer after prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sun tanning. Would her future children be at risk of inheriting this skin cancer?

• A. Yes, if she had a baby after developing skin cancer.

• B. Yes, this is a mutation in the DNA of her somatic cells.

• C. No, this condition does not affect the woman's egg cells.

• D. No, babies cannot get skin cancer because they are immune.

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A gene that affects hair length in dogs has two alleles. The allele for short hair (L) is dominant to the allele for long hair (l). A cross of heterozygous two short-haired dogs produces six short-haired and two long-haired offspring. Which of the following best explains how the long-hair phenotype can appear in the offspring of two short-haired dogs?

• A. Only recessive alleles are inherited from homozygous parents.

• B. Dominant alleles grow weaker as they are passed from parents to offspring.

• C. Only the parent with a dominant allele can pass that allele to offspring in sexual reproduction.

• D. A heterozygous parent has an equal chance of passing either the dominant allele or the recessive allele to offspring.

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In humans having two eye brows is a completely dominant trait, the recessive trait is expressed as having a single connected eyebrow. If a two parents who are heterozygous for the eyebrow trait had an offspring what is the probability that their child would express the recessive phenotype?

• A. Their offspring has a 0% chance of expressing the recessive phenotype.

• B. Their offspring has a 25% chance of expressing the recessive phenotype.

• C. Their offspring has a 75% chance of expressing the recessive phenotype.

• D. Their offspring has a 100% chance of expressing the recessive phenotype.

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Identical (monozygotic) twins can look different to one another because:

• they have different genetic material from the mother but the same genetic material from the father.

• they have different genetic material from the father but the same genetic material from the mother.

• environmental factors can influence gene expression.

• a mutation has occurred in one twin during embryonic development.

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The diagram above illustrates which of the following processes?

• Crossing-over

• Base pair subsitution

• Duplication

• Deletion

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Describe the process of nondisjunction.

• Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information

• The alignment of the chromosomes on the metaphase plate

• Homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids remain attached during anaphase

• The process of sperm and egg fusing to create a zygote

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What best describes a gene?

• All of the DNA in a cell

• A section of just one chromosome that codes for a trait

• A pair of chromosomes that have the same information

• A packet of DNA that is condensed inside the nucleus

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What best describes homologous chromosomes?

• All of the DNA in a cell

• A section of just one chromosome that codes for a trait

• A pair of chromosomes that have the same information

• A packet of DNA that is condensed inside the nucleus

Which of the following are true of Meiosis? (pick all that are true!)

• There is only 1 division

• It ends with 4 cells

• The ending cells are all unique

• Homologous chromosomes line up together

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What is true of MITOSIS and not MEIOSIS? (pick all that are true!)

• Crossing over happens

• There is only 1 division

• Independent assortment happens

• The result is two identical cells

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