Grade 8 Social Studies Final Exam Review Sheet

Define and explain Industrialization.

• Industrialization was the time period after the Civil War that extended into the early 1900s that focused on the growth of manufacturing. New factories were built and inventions were created that made goods faster and cheaper. Railroads were used to ship goods to different parts of the U.S. Industrialization depended on the cheap labor of immigrants. Industrialization also led to the rise of corporations, mass production, and urbanization.

• Industrialization refers to the process of increasing agricultural output through the use of traditional farming methods and manual labor, primarily in rural areas.

• Industrialization was a movement in the early 1800s that focused on the decline of cities and the return to small-scale farming communities.

• Industrialization is the period when the United States focused on building more schools and libraries, with little emphasis on manufacturing or transportation.

Define and explain urbanization.

• Urbanization is the growth of cities.

• Urbanization is the decline of rural areas.

• Urbanization is the process of making land more suitable for agriculture.

• Urbanization is the reduction of population in cities.

Define and explain mass production.

• Mass production is the ability to produce large quantities of goods (usually using machinery or the assembly line). The assembly line made mass production possible.

• Mass production is the process of making unique, handcrafted items one at a time without the use of machines.

• Mass production refers to the creation of goods only for personal use and not for sale in markets.

• Mass production is the practice of producing goods in small batches using only manual labor.

Define or explain Immigration Processing Center.

• Ellis Island, New York Harbor. Many European immigrants were processed here. They were examined for contagious diseases and names may have been changed. A small percentage were deported.

• Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor. Immigrants were welcomed and given citizenship immediately.

• Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco. Immigrants arrived here and were sent directly to California cities.

• Mount Rushmore, South Dakota. Immigrants were processed and given land grants.

Define or give an example of a Push Factor.

• A reason for someone to leave (forced) their native country. Examples are war, poverty, oppressive government.

• A reason for someone to stay in their native country, such as family ties or job opportunities.

• A type of economic policy that encourages immigration.

• A government program that provides incentives for people to move to a new country.

Define or give an example of a Pull Factor.

• Something that attracts someone to immigrate to another country. Examples are freedoms, job opportunity.

• A law that prevents people from leaving their country.

• A natural disaster that forces people to move.

• A government policy that restricts immigration.

Define muckrakers.

• A special type of Progressive that exposed society's problems through journalism such as literature, photos and political cartoons.

• A group of politicians who supported industrial monopolies.

• A type of artist known for painting landscapes during the Progressive Era.

• A government agency responsible for regulating food safety.

Define imperialism.

• Imperialism is the practice of building an empire by gaining colonies.

• Imperialism is the belief in complete isolation from other countries.

• Imperialism is the process of reducing a country's territory voluntarily.

• Imperialism is the refusal to engage in any form of trade.

What are the causes of the Spanish-American War? (Occurs during the Imperialism Era)

• Economic, Humanitarian, Yellow Journalism, Spark (explosion of the U.S.S. Maine)

• Religious conflicts, Border disputes, Treaty of Versailles, Industrial Revolution

• Civil Rights Movement, Space Race, Cold War, World War II

• Discovery of gold, American Revolution, Boston Tea Party, Louisiana Purchase

What were the effects of the Spanish-American War?

• U.S. becomes a world power. Won lands from Spain such as Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

• The U.S. lost territory to Spain and became isolated from world affairs.

• Spain gained control over Cuba and increased its influence in Asia.

• The war resulted in the independence of Canada from Britain.