Functions of Carbohydrates

What are the three monosaccharides? Which monosaccharide gives fruit its sweetness?

• Glucose

• Fructose

• Galactose

• Sucrose

What are the 3 polysaccharides?

• Starch, Glycogen, Fiber

• Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose

• Cellulose, Chitin, Lactose

• Maltose, Galactose, Starch

What foods contain these polysaccharides?

• Starch: potatoes, grains, corn

• Fiber: candy, soda, chips

• Glycogen: not found in food

• Fiber: fruits, vegetables, whole grains

What are the 3 disaccharides and their food sources?

• Sucrose – table sugar, Lactose – milk, Maltose – malted foods, beer

• Glucose – fruit, Fructose – honey, Galactose – dairy

• Sucrose – honey, Lactose – yogurt, Maltose – bread

• Sucrose – table sugar, Lactose – cheese, Maltose – cereal

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

• Provide energy

• Support muscle growth

• Enhance vision

• Increase bone density

Define whole, refined, and enriched grains.

• Whole grains: Contain bran, germ, endosperm

• Refined grains: Contain bran, germ, and endosperm

• Enriched grains: Refined grains + added nutrients (iron, B vitamins)

• Whole grains: Bran & germ removed

What are oligosaccharides?

• Short chains of 3–10 sugar units

• Long chains of more than 10 sugar units

• Single sugar molecules

• Complex carbohydrates with multiple sugar units

What are sugar alcohols? Are they safe for teeth?

• Sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol

• Glucose, fructose, sucrose

• Aspartame, saccharin, sucralose

• Lactose, maltose, galactose

Soluble vs. Insoluble fiber sources?

• Oats, apples, beans; wheat bran, whole grains, veggies

• Rice, potatoes, corn; nuts, seeds, legumes

• Fruits, dairy, meat; pasta, rice, bread

• Fish, eggs, cheese; leafy greens, carrots, potatoes

Effects of insulin and glucagon?

• Insulin raises blood glucose and releases stored glycogen.

• Insulin lowers blood glucose and stores glycogen.

• Glucagon lowers blood glucose and stores glycogen.

• Glucagon raises blood glucose by storing glycogen.