precancerous lesions and conditions

which of the following best defines a 'Precancerous Lesion'?

• A cancerous growth that is confined to the epithelium.

• A morphologically altered tissue where cancer is more likely to occur.

• A generalized state with an increased risk of cancer developing anywhere in the mouth.

• Any benign oral white patch that cannot be diagnosed clinically.

Which oral precancerous lesion is characterized by a bright red patch, well-defined from surrounding mucosa, with a velvet-like surface, and has the greatest tendency for malignant transformation?

• Candidal Speckled Leukoplakia

• Oral Submucous Fibrosis

• Erythroplakia

• Leukoplakia

Atrophic or erosive forms of lichen planus are less susceptible to malignant change.

• True
• False

Answer explanation

Atrophic or erosive forms of lichen planus are more susceptible to malignant change.

What is the primary etiological factor for Hairy Leukoplakia, as distinguished from Hairy Tongue?

• Candida albicans infection alone

• Tobacco use and poor oral hygiene

• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Which statement correctly describes Hairy Leukoplakia?

• It can be white, green, brown, or black completely covering the tongue dorsum.

• It is a benign form of leukoplakia mainly seen in people with HIV/AIDS.

• It always requires surgical excision for treatment.

• It is primarily caused by fungal microorganisms.

Oral Submucous Fibrosis is commonly associated with betel nut chewing.

• True
• False

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature of Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSF)?

• A fibrous band is laid down in the superficial epithelium, leading to ulcers.

• It is a red lesion with high cellular atypia that is common in middle-aged females.

• It results in a smooth, shiny, red dorsum of the tongue due to atrophy of lingual papillae.

• The oral mucosa appears blanched and 'marbled' with palpable fibrous bands, leading to difficulty in mouth opening.

Which triad of symptoms is characteristic of Sideropenic Dysphagia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome)?

• Severe pain, dysphagia and altered taste.

• A blanched, 'marbled' oral mucosa, altered taste and difficulty opening the mouth.

• Odynophagia, atrophic glossitis and angular cheilitis.

• Dysphagia, iron-deficiency anemia and esophageal webs.

The floor of the mouth and the ventral surface of the tongue are considered to be at a lower risk of malignant transformation for leukoplakia.

• True
• False

Answer explanation

• The floor of the mouth and the ventral surface of the tongue are considered to be more at risk of malignant transformation for leukoplakia.

Regarding Sideropenic Dysphagia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome), which statement is correct?

• It is predominantly seen in younger females with healthy iron levels.

• Treatment involves surgical excision of esophageal webs.

• It is mostly associated with post-cricoid carcinoma.

• It primarily affects the buccal mucosa near the commissures.