The diagram below represents the locations of two mutations in a strand of a DNA molecule. If this DNA is located in the nucleus of a skin cell, the cell will

pass the mutations on to the cells that develop from it

pass the mutations on to only half the cells that develop from it

delete all of the DNA in the nucleus and synthesize new DNA

correct the mutations after several generations

According to the theory of biological evolution, most present-day species of organisms

descended from earlier, different species of organisms

developed from similar, smaller prehistoric organisms

have always existed in the form they have today

developed from fossils of the other organisms

11 Corn seeds with identical genetic information were planted on two adjacent farms. The corn plants on one farm were well fertilized and grew large, while the plants on the other farm were not given fertilizer and did not grow as large. The best explanation for these observations is that

environmental conditions affect gene expression

crops grow differently in different climates

the corn plants all contained mutated genes that made them grow

the plants on one farm had different genes from the plants on the other farm

Extinction occurs when the environment changes and

all members of a species are no longer living

a species can reproduce successfully

an individual has adaptive characteristics insufficient to allow survival

one individual produces some offspring that evolve into a new species

All the information necessary for growth, development, and eventual reproduction of sexually reproducing organisms is present in

either sperm cells or egg cells

Which activity can occur without the use of energy?

movement of water across a membrane

An alternative to the use of insecticides to combat the Mediterranean fruit fly is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT). SIT involves the sterilization of male insects by radiation, which prevents the formation of functional male gametes. When these male insects mate with female insects of the same species, the result would be that

only female offspring would be produced

the offspring would have a reduced number of chromosomes

the offspring would no longer be sterile

The diagrams below represent a human organ system. The major function of the system is to

provide cells that are necessary for the survival of the species

provide immunity essential for the survival of each individual in a population

produce chemical messages that are necessary for nerve cell development

control the passage of nutrients into and out of a developing fetus

Sheep were the first species of mammals to be cloned. Which statement about cloned sheep is correct?

Two sheep cloned from the same parent cannot mate and have offspring.

Different kinds of body cells in a cloned sheep contain different DNA.

Cloned sheep cannot produce offspring if they are mated with noncloned sheep.

Many cells in cloned sheep have two identical nuclei, instead of a single nucleus.

In a sexually reproducing species, evolution could occur as a result of

modification of genes in sex cells

modification of genes in body cells

increased reproduction among individuals with identical chromosomes

recombination of genes in cells reproducing by mitosis

An increase in the level of hormone A causes an increase in the level of hormone B. The increase in the level of hormone B then causes a decrease in the level of hormone A. This process is an example of

a failure to maintain homeostasis

a disruption in cellular coordination

Human population growth has led to a reduction in the populations of predators throughout natural ecosystems across the United States. Scientists consider the loss of these predators to have a

negative effect, because predators have an important role in maintaining stable ecosystems

positive effect, because an increase in their prey helps to maintain stability in the ecosystem

positive effect, because predators usually eliminate the species they prey on

negative effect, since predators have always made up a large portion of our food supply

Which environmental change would cause the greatest reduction in the biodiversity of a large ecosystem?

building a new store in a shopping mall

The bottom of Onondaga Lake in upstate New York contains large amounts of pollutants. One proposal to clean the lake bottom requires that the pollutants be removed and stored nearby. People who live near the proposed storage sites are opposed to this plan. The officials who must decide on the proposal will examine both the benefits and risks of the plan. The decision made by the officials will most likely involve

an increase in finite resources

The increased use of wind turbines and solar collectors to generate electric power will

reduce the amount of pollution that comes from the burning of fossil fuels

negatively affect ecosystems by increasing biodiversity

negatively alter the chemical composition of soil and water

increase oil consumption for business and industry

Antibiotics are substances used to help fight an infection of Streptococcus, a bacterium that causes strep throat. Overuse of these antibiotics can

prevent future infections by these pathogens

cause a decrease in the production of enzymes

allow organic molecules to be synthesized

An allergic reaction to certain types of natural, unprocessed foods, such as peanuts, is caused by

a response to specific antigens

microorganisms living within the food

high levels of carbon dioxide in the air

A variety of pear tree, known as Bradford, was originally introduced into the eastern United States in the 1960s. Today, this tree is crowding out other plants in these states. This situation best illustrates

an unintentional negative effect of altering an ecosystem

how a foreign species is controlled in the eastern United States

that the introduction of a foreign species does not affect food webs

that serious environmental consequences can be avoided by importing a foreign species

The diagram below represents a process that occurs in nature. If the oak and hickory trees were burned in a forest fire, leaving bare soil, which group of plants would most likely be the first to grow back?

mature pine and young deciduous trees

A growing mass of plastic garbage is collecting in an area of the Pacific Ocean. This is caused by plastic garbage that is discarded by people, and it ends up in rivers that carry it to the ocean. Over time, ocean currents cause it to accumulate in this area of the Pacific. Currently, the mass is estimated to cover an area of ocean twice the size of Texas. As these plastics slowly break down, chemicals enter the water, and can enter ocean organisms that we might eventually use for food. This sequence of events illustrates that

humans modify ecosystems as a result of population growth, consumption, and technology

human activities that degrade ecosystems result in an increase in diversity of ecosystems

when humans alter ecosystems by adding specific organisms, serious consequences could result

industrialization brings a reduced demand for fossil and nuclear fuels

The diagram below represents some structures observed in a drop of human blood. Which statement correctly describes all of these structures in human blood?

They perform specific functions that aid in maintaining homeostasis.

They produce antibiotics that fight disease.

They are useful in the digestion of oxygen.

They use all of the DNA present in the cells of the body.

The graph below shows changes in the level of glucose in the blood of a person over a period of time. The graph represents the

maintenance of dynamic equilibrium

reaction of white blood cells to a pathogen

oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Base your answer to question 35 on the information and data table below and on your knowledge of biology. The Thousand Islands region in upstate New York has many isolated islands. On one island, a fire burned most of the trees. The data table below indicates the percentages of tan beetles and dark-brown beetles present before and after the fire. Changes in Beetles Population Time | Tan Beetles (%) | Dark-Brown Beetles (%) before fire | 88 | 12 8 months after fire | 80 | 20 16 months after fire | 70 | 30 24 months after fire | 65 | 35 48 months after fire | 60 | 40 60 months after fire | 56 | 44 35 The increase in the percentage of dark-brown beetles over time was most likely due to the fact that the

dark-brown beetles were harder for predators to locate

dark-brown beetles could not find food as well as the tan beetles

tan beetles turned dark brown to blend in with the darker, ash-covered ground

exposure to ash from the fire changed the DNA of some of the tan beetles

The graph below represents the growth in length and mass of a fetus up to week 32. The length is measured in millimeters (mm) and the mass in grams (g). Which statement best describes human fetal growth between weeks 26 and 32?

There is a faster rate of increase in mass than in length.

The rate of increase in mass levels off, while the increase in length constantly increases.

The fetal mass increases by 750 g and the fetal length increases by about 100 mm.

There are slight decreases in both length and mass.

An observable trend in the wolf and moose data between 1980 and 1995 is

as the wolf population decreases, the moose population increases

as the wolf population decreases, the moose population decreases

the numbers of wolves and moose are relatively constant

the numbers of wolves and moose appear to be unrelated

A student wants to test the hypothesis that an acidic environment will decrease enzyme activity. In the experiment, the student used an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and bubbles of oxygen. To test the hypothesis, the student should collect data on the number of oxygen bubbles produced at different

concentrations of hydrogen peroxide

The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C. Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph?

(4) human population consumption of resources habitat preservation

(1) deforestation amount of biodiversity atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide

(2) industrialization energy consumption global temperature

(3) loss of ozone layer global warming rate of skin cancer

Using the information given in the data table, construct a line graph on the grid. Mark an appropriate scale, without any breaks, on each labeled axis on the grid on the next page.

An appropriate scale for the x-axis (Concentration of Gibberellic Acid) could be 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 ppm. An appropriate scale for the y-axis (Increase in Growth) could be 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30%.

An appropriate scale for the x-axis (Concentration of Gibberellic Acid) could be 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 ppm. An appropriate scale for the y-axis (Increase in Growth) could be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%.

An appropriate scale for the x-axis (Concentration of Gibberellic Acid) could be 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm. An appropriate scale for the y-axis (Increase in Growth) could be 0, 10, 20, 30, 40%.

An appropriate scale for the x-axis (Concentration of Gibberellic Acid) could be 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm. An appropriate scale for the y-axis (Increase in Growth) could be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4%.

Which of the following is the correct way to construct a line graph using the data from the table?

Plot the data points, surround each with a small circle, and connect the points.

Plot the data points without connecting them.

Draw bars for each data value instead of points.

Only label the axes without plotting any points.

Identify the control group in this experiment.

The control group is the group of corn plants that did not receive any gibberellic acid (untreated group).

The control group is the group of corn plants that received the highest dose of gibberellic acid.

The control group is the group of corn plants that were exposed to extra sunlight.

The control group is the group of corn plants that were watered twice as much as the others.

Which conclusion is supported by the data from this investigation?

Corn seedlings treated with gibberellic acid at concentrations between 225 and 600 ppm grow better than untreated seedlings.

A concentration of gibberellic acid under 300 ppm inhibits the growth of corn plants.

Plants from untreated corn seeds grow better than those treated with gibberellic acid at a concentration of 600 ppm.

A concentration of gibberellic acid over 300 ppm makes corn seeds germinate best.

Farmers should use gibberellic acid in which way to grow the largest plants, according to data from this experiment?

Apply a high concentration of gibberellic acid regularly

Apply a low concentration of gibberellic acid once

Do not use gibberellic acid at all

Apply gibberellic acid only at the seedling stage

In the pond where these fish live, temperature is both a

limiting factor and abiotic factor

source of energy and biotic factor

source of nutrition and abiotic factor

limiting factor and biotic factor

Regents Exam Review August 2014

Authored by GREGORY MEENAN

Science

10th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 1+ times

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68 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

A function of cell membranes in humans is the

synthesis of the amino acids

production of energy

replication of genetic material

recognition of certain chemicals

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Forests, mountains, rivers, and marshes are examples of the wide variety of ecosystems in New York State. The diversity of these ecosystems is most likely the result of

the variety of abiotic conditions in these regions

interactions between producers and decomposers

increased efforts to protect endangered species

a lack of competition between the heterotrophs living there

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The diagram below represents two organisms. Organism A: single-celled Organism B: multicellular Which statement concerning organism A and organism B is correct?

Organism A contains organs, whereas organism B lacks organs.

Organism A and organism B have the same organ systems.

Organism A and organism B both have structures that perform life processes.

Organism A lacks structures that help maintain dynamic equilibrium.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which statement best describes the organelles in a cell?

All organelles are involved directly with communication between cells.

Organelles must work together and their activities must be coordinated.

Organelles function only when there is a disruption in homeostasis.

Each organelle must function independently of the others in order to maintain homeostasis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

A substance directly involved in cellular communication within the human body is

an antibody

an antibiotic

a hormone

a starch

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

The list below includes three organ systems that are directly used when a human runs. Which system should also be included in the list?

immune system

reproductive system

digestive system

nervous system

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

In a pine forest, there are different species of birds known as warblers that are able to coexist on the same pine trees. The Cape May warblers feed on insects located on the tips of the highest pine branches. The yellow-rumped warblers feed on insects on lower branches of the same trees. The different feeding locations for these two species of warblers indicate that they have different

niches

ecosystems

methods of asexual reproduction

methods of selective breeding

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

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Regents Exam Review August 2014

A function of cell membranes in humans is the

Forests, mountains, rivers, and marshes are examples of the wide variety of ecosystems in New York State. The diversity of these ecosystems is most likely the result of

The diagram below represents two organisms. Organism A: single-celled Organism B: multicellular Which statement concerning organism A and organism B is correct?

Which statement best describes the organelles in a cell?

A substance directly involved in cellular communication within the human body is

The list below includes three organ systems that are directly used when a human runs. Which system should also be included in the list?

The diagram below represents the locations of two mutations in a strand of a DNA molecule. If this DNA is located in the nucleus of a skin cell, the cell will

A human skin cell contains 46 chromosomes. A frog sperm cell contains 12 chromosomes. Which pair of numbers shows the chromosome number of a normal gamete from each of these species?

According to the theory of biological evolution, most present-day species of organisms

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