Quiz about Science 7 Final Exam Review Questions - Cells

Question 1

Which of the following lists the 3 main parts of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are made of cells; Cells are the basic unit of life; All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Answer

Cells contain a nucleus; Cells are only found in animals; Cells do not divide.

Answer

Cells are made of DNA; Cells can photosynthesize; Cells are only found in plants.

Answer

Cells are always visible to the naked eye; Cells are made of water only; Cells do not reproduce.

Question 2

The basic unit of structure and function in ALL living things is:

Accepted Answer

Cell

Answer

Tissue

Answer

Organ

Answer

Organism

Question 3

The main differences between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell are:

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus in eukaryotic cells and absence in prokaryotic cells

Answer

Both have a defined nucleus

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Eukaryotic cells lack genetic material

Question 4

Select the 3 main differences between animal and plant cells from the options below.

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells do not.

Answer

Animal cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall, while plant cells do not.

Answer

Plant cells lack a nucleus, while animal cells have one.

Answer

Animal cells have a large central vacuole, while plant cells do not.

Question 5

The function/job of the cell membrane is to:

Accepted Answer

Control what enters and leaves the cell

Answer

Produce energy for the cell

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 6

The function/job of the cell wall is:

Accepted Answer

To provide structure and support to the cell

Answer

To control what enters and leaves the cell

Answer

To produce energy for the cell

Answer

To store genetic information

Question 7

The function/job of the nucleus in a cell is to:

Accepted Answer

Control the cell's activities and store genetic information

Answer

Produce energy for the cell

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Transport materials within the cell

Question 8

The function/job of the cytoplasm in a cell is:

Accepted Answer

To provide a jelly-like substance that holds organelles in place and allows for cellular processes to occur

Answer

To control the activities of the cell and contain genetic material

Answer

To produce energy for the cell through respiration

Answer

To package and transport proteins within the cell

Question 9

The function/job of ribosomes in a cell is to:

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Produce energy through photosynthesis

Answer

Regulate cell division

Question 10

The function/job of the Endoplasmic Reticulum is to:

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins and lipids

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Produce energy through cellular respiration

Answer

Control cell division

Question 11

The function/job of the vacuole in a cell is to:

Accepted Answer

Store water, nutrients, and waste products

Answer

Produce energy for the cell

Answer

Control cell activities

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 12

The function/job of the chloroplast is:

Accepted Answer

To carry out photosynthesis and produce food for the cell

Answer

To control the activities of the cell

Answer

To break down waste materials and cellular debris

Answer

To provide structural support to the cell

Question 13

The function/job of the mitochondria is to:

Accepted Answer

Produce energy for the cell

Answer

Store genetic information

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Control cell division

Question 14

The Father of Genetics is known for studying and experimenting with which living things?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel and pea plants

Answer

Charles Darwin and finches

Answer

Louis Pasteur and bacteria

Answer

James Watson and fruit flies

Question 15

A gene is a unit of heredity. Where are genes located and what is an allele?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes and an allele is a variant form of a gene.

Answer

Genes are located in the cytoplasm and an allele is a type of protein.

Answer

Genes are located in the cell membrane and an allele is a type of enzyme.

Answer

Genes are located in the nucleus and an allele is a type of cell.

Question 16

Phenotype is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism

Answer

The genetic makeup of an organism

Answer

The process of cell division

Answer

The study of heredity

Question 17

Genotype is defined as:

Accepted Answer

the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer

the physical appearance of an organism

Answer

the process of cell division

Answer

the study of fossils

Question 18

A dominant allele differs from a recessive allele in that:

Accepted Answer

A dominant allele expresses its trait even if only one copy is present, while a recessive allele requires two copies to be expressed.

Answer

A dominant allele is always harmful, while a recessive allele is always beneficial.

Answer

A dominant allele can only be inherited from the mother, while a recessive allele can only be inherited from the father.

Answer

A dominant allele is found only in plants, while a recessive allele is found only in animals.

Question 19

14A. Which of the following is the correct way to label generations in a pedigree diagram?

Accepted Answer

Using Roman numerals (I, II, III, etc.)

Answer

Using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, etc.)

Answer

Using letters (A, B, C, etc.)

Answer

Using colors for each generation

Question 20

Albinism is what kind of disease (trait)? How can you tell? (Provide evidence from the pedigree.)

Accepted Answer

Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait, as shown by its appearance in offspring of unaffected parents in the pedigree.

Answer

Albinism is an autosomal dominant trait, as shown by its appearance in every generation in the pedigree.

Answer

Albinism is a sex-linked dominant trait, as shown by its appearance only in males in the pedigree.

Answer

Albinism is a mitochondrial trait, as shown by its appearance only in children of affected mothers in the pedigree.

Question 21

If A=no albinism & a=albinism, then make a punnett square that shows Mary & Greg's genotype and their resulting offspring probability. Which of the following correctly lists all possible genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring, along with their percentages?

Accepted Answer

Genotypes: AA (25%), Aa (50%), aa (25%); Phenotypes: No albinism (75%), Albinism (25%)

Answer

Genotypes: AA (50%), Aa (25%), aa (25%); Phenotypes: No albinism (50%), Albinism (50%)

Answer

Genotypes: AA (25%), Aa (25%), aa (50%); Phenotypes: No albinism (25%), Albinism (75%)

Answer

Genotypes: AA (0%), Aa (100%), aa (0%); Phenotypes: No albinism (100%), Albinism (0%)

Question 22

A pedigree provides which information that a punnett square does not?

Accepted Answer

It shows the inheritance of traits through multiple generations.

Answer

It predicts the probability of offspring genotypes.

Answer

It displays the possible gametes from each parent.

Answer

It determines the exact genotype of each individual.

Question 23

What is a mutation? What kind of cells can pass mutations on to the next generation (offspring)?

Accepted Answer

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Only mutations in gametes (sex cells) can be passed to the next generation.

Answer

A mutation is a change in the protein structure. Only mutations in somatic cells can be passed to the next generation.

Answer

A mutation is a change in the RNA sequence. Only mutations in blood cells can be passed to the next generation.

Answer

A mutation is a change in the cell membrane. Only mutations in muscle cells can be passed to the next generation.

Question 24

Name the 2 types of sex chromosomes? What is the genotype of a biological male? What is the genotype of a biological female?

Accepted Answer

The two types of sex chromosomes are X and Y. The genotype of a biological male is XY. The genotype of a biological female is XX.

Answer

The two types of sex chromosomes are A and B. The genotype of a biological male is AA. The genotype of a biological female is BB.

Answer

The two types of sex chromosomes are X and Z. The genotype of a biological male is ZZ. The genotype of a biological female is XX.

Answer

The two types of sex chromosomes are Y and Z. The genotype of a biological male is YZ. The genotype of a biological female is YY.

Question 25

What does DNA stand for?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer

Dinucleic acid

Answer

Deoxynucleic acid

Answer

Dioxygen ribonucleic acid

Question 26

Name the 2 scientists who discovered the structure of DNA. What is the name of the shape of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick; Double helix

Answer

Marie Curie and Albert Einstein; Spiral ladder

Answer

Gregor Mendel and Rosalind Franklin; Triple helix

Answer

Charles Darwin and Louis Pasteur; Circular coil

Question 27

A nucleotide consists of which three parts?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Answer

A lipid, a sugar, and a protein

Answer

A phosphate group, a fatty acid, and a nitrogenous base

Answer

A sugar, a protein, and a nitrogenous base

Question 28

If one strand of DNA has the following sequence, then what would be its complementary strand? (Write the complementary strand underneath the original strand.) Original strand: AGGTACTCCATCG

Accepted Answer

TCCATGAGGTAGC

Answer

AGGTACTCCATCG

Answer

TGGTACTCCATCG

Answer

TCCATGAGCTAGC

Question 29

RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, and the nitrogenous base present in RNA but not DNA is:

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 30

The organelles responsible for protein synthesis are called what, and the building blocks of proteins are known as what?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes; amino acids

Answer

Mitochondria; nucleotides

Answer

Nucleus; fatty acids

Answer

Golgi apparatus; monosaccharides

Question 31

What is the difference between an observation and an inference?

Accepted Answer

An observation is something you notice using your senses, while an inference is a conclusion you draw based on those observations.

Answer

An observation is a guess about what will happen, while an inference is what you see directly.

Answer

An observation is always incorrect, while an inference is always correct.

Answer

An observation is a type of inference made after an experiment.

Question 32

LENGTH is a physical quantity measured using SI units. What is the SI unit for length and what tool is commonly used to measure it?

Accepted Answer

The SI unit for length is meter (m) and it is measured using a ruler or measuring tape.

Answer

The SI unit for length is kilogram (kg) and it is measured using a balance.

Answer

The SI unit for length is second (s) and it is measured using a stopwatch.

Answer

The SI unit for length is liter (L) and it is measured using a beaker.

Question 33

Which of the following lists contains good lab safety rules that should be followed while conducting a laboratory experiment?

Accepted Answer

Wear safety goggles, do not eat or drink, follow instructions

Answer

Wear sandals, eat snacks, ignore instructions

Answer

Run in the lab, mix unknown chemicals, leave spills unattended

Answer

Use broken equipment, taste chemicals, work alone

Question 34

A student is setting up an experiment. The student has twenty identical young plants and will try to answer this question: How does the amount of water given to these plants each day affect how tall the plant will grow? What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The amount of water given to the plants each day.

Answer

The type of soil used for the plants.

Answer

The amount of sunlight the plants receive each day.

Answer

The height of the plants at the end of the experiment.

Question 35

A student is setting up an experiment. The student has twenty identical young plants and will try to answer this question: How does the amount of water given to these plants each day affect how tall the plant will grow? State TWO factors that must be kept constant in this experiment.

Accepted Answer

Type of plant, amount of sunlight (other possible answers: type of soil, temperature, size of pots, etc.)

Answer

Type of plant, amount of water

Answer

Amount of sunlight, number of leaves

Answer

Type of soil, number of seeds

Question 36

Homeostasis is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment. Which of the following is an example of an organism maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A human sweating to cool down when hot

Answer

A plant growing towards sunlight

Answer

A bird migrating south for the winter

Answer

A fish swimming in a school

Question 37

Select the correct order of the steps of the Scientific Method.

Accepted Answer

Ask a question, Do background research, Construct a hypothesis, Test with experiments, Analyze data, Draw conclusions, Communicate results

Answer

Construct a hypothesis, Analyze data, Test with experiments, Ask a question, Do background research, Draw conclusions, Communicate results

Answer

Do background research, Ask a question, Test with experiments, Construct a hypothesis, Analyze data, Draw conclusions, Communicate results

Answer

Test with experiments, Construct a hypothesis, Do background research, Ask a question, Analyze data, Draw conclusions, Communicate results

Question 38

An adaptation is a feature that helps an organism survive in its environment. Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A polar bear's thick fur for warmth

Answer

A fish living on land

Answer

A cactus needing lots of water

Answer

A penguin flying in the sky

Question 39

Evolution is the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms. Who developed the theory of evolution by Natural Selection?

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

Isaac Newton

Answer

Albert Einstein

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Question 40

A 'favorable' trait is one that:

Accepted Answer

increases an organism's chances of surviving and reproducing in its environment.

Answer

decreases an organism's ability to find food.

Answer

makes an organism less likely to survive.

Answer

has no effect on an organism's survival or reproduction.

Question 41

One piece of evidence to support the claim that the salamander is more related to the fish than to the pig is:

Accepted Answer

They both have gills at some stage of development.

Answer

They both have hair.

Answer

They both produce milk.

Answer

They both have hooves.

Question 42

The newly discovered species is most closely related to which known species and why?

Accepted Answer

It is most closely related to Species A due to genetic similarities.

Answer

It is most closely related to Species B because of habitat overlap.

Answer

It is most closely related to Species C due to similar feeding habits.

Answer

It is most closely related to Species D because of physical appearance.

Question 43

Which fossil would be considered the oldest? Which fossil would be considered the youngest?

Accepted Answer

The oldest fossil is the trilobites. The youngest fossil is the mammoth.

Answer

The oldest fossil is the mammoth. The youngest fossil is the trilobites.

Answer

The oldest fossil is the dinosaur. The youngest fossil is the trilobites.

Answer

The oldest fossil is the mammoth. The youngest fossil is the dinosaur.

Question 44

Which fossil would most likely resemble forms of life found on Earth today?

Accepted Answer

The mammoth would most likely resemble forms of life found on Earth today.

Answer

The trilobite would most likely resemble forms of life found on Earth today.

Answer

The ammonite would most likely resemble forms of life found on Earth today.

Answer

The dinosaur would most likely resemble forms of life found on Earth today.

Question 45

What are the four main parts of Natural Selection? Briefly describe each step.

Accepted Answer

The four main parts of Natural Selection are: 1) Variation, 2) Inheritance, 3) High rate of population growth, 4) Differential survival and reproduction. Briefly: 1) Individuals in a population vary, 2) Some variations are inherited, 3) More offspring are produced than can survive, 4) Individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more.

Answer

The four main parts of Natural Selection are: 1) Mutation, 2) Migration, 3) Artificial selection, 4) Random mating. Briefly: 1) Mutations occur, 2) Individuals migrate, 3) Humans select traits, 4) Mating is random.

Answer

The four main parts of Natural Selection are: 1) Adaptation, 2) Extinction, 3) Hybridization, 4) Genetic drift. Briefly: 1) Species adapt, 2) Some go extinct, 3) Hybrids form, 4) Genes drift randomly.

Answer

The four main parts of Natural Selection are: 1) Competition, 2) Cooperation, 3) Camouflage, 4) Mimicry. Briefly: 1) Individuals compete, 2) Some cooperate, 3) Some use camouflage, 4) Some mimic others.

Question 46

What is speciation? How can it happen?

Accepted Answer

Speciation is the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. It can happen through processes such as geographic isolation, genetic divergence, and reproductive isolation.

Answer

Speciation is the process by which organisms adapt to their environment without any genetic changes. It can happen only through migration.

Answer

Speciation is the extinction of species due to environmental changes. It can happen through natural disasters only.

Answer

Speciation is the merging of two different species into one. It can happen through hybridization only.

Question 47

Which letter points to the organelle that controls what enters and exits the cell?

Accepted Answer

E (Cell membrane)

Answer

A (Nucleus)

Answer

B (Mitochondria)

Answer

C (Chloroplast)

Question 48

Which letter points to the organelle that is the site of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

F (Chloroplast)

Answer

A (Nucleus)

Answer

C (Mitochondrion)

Answer

D (Vacuole)

Question 49

Which letter points to the organelle that is the site of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

G (Mitochondrion)

Answer

A (Nucleus)

Answer

B (Chloroplast)

Answer

C (Ribosome)

Question 50

Which letter points to the organelle that stores water?

Accepted Answer

C (Vacuole)

Answer

A (Nucleus)

Answer

B (Mitochondria)

Answer

D (Chloroplast)

Question 51

Which letter points to the organelle where mitosis occurs?

Accepted Answer

D (Nucleus)

Answer

A (Mitochondria)

Answer

B (Chloroplast)

Answer

C (Vacuole)

Question 52

Fill in the table below, which compares the two processes of Mitosis and Meiosis.

Accepted Answer

Number of Cell Divisions: 1 (Mitosis), 2 (Meiosis) Number of Cells Formed: 2 (Mitosis), 4 (Meiosis) Types of Cells Formed: Identical (Mitosis), Non-identical (Meiosis) What happens to the chromosome number at the end?: Remains the same (Mitosis), Halved (Meiosis)

Answer

Number of Cell Divisions: 2 (Mitosis), 1 (Meiosis) Number of Cells Formed: 4 (Mitosis), 2 (Meiosis) Types of Cells Formed: Non-identical (Mitosis), Identical (Meiosis) What happens to the chromosome number at the end?: Halved (Mitosis), Remains the same (Meiosis)

Answer

Number of Cell Divisions: 1 (Mitosis), 1 (Meiosis) Number of Cells Formed: 2 (Mitosis), 2 (Meiosis) Types of Cells Formed: Identical (Mitosis), Identical (Meiosis) What happens to the chromosome number at the end?: Remains the same (Mitosis), Remains the same (Meiosis)

Answer

Number of Cell Divisions: 2 (Mitosis), 2 (Meiosis) Number of Cells Formed: 4 (Mitosis), 4 (Meiosis) Types of Cells Formed: Non-identical (Mitosis), Non-identical (Meiosis) What happens to the chromosome number at the end?: Halved (Mitosis), Halved (Meiosis)

Question 53

Biotic factors are living components of an environment, while abiotic factors are non-living components. Which of the following best describes this difference and provides correct examples?

Accepted Answer

Biotic factors are living things like plants and animals; abiotic factors are non-living things like sunlight and water.

Answer

Biotic factors are non-living things like rocks; abiotic factors are living things like bacteria.

Answer

Biotic factors are only plants; abiotic factors are only animals.

Answer

Biotic factors are non-living things like air; abiotic factors are living things like fungi.

Question 54

Limiting factors are:

Accepted Answer

conditions that restrict the growth or distribution of an organism or population.

Answer

factors that always increase population size.

Answer

elements that have no effect on organisms.

Answer

resources that are unlimited in supply.

Question 55

Which of the following lists the levels of ecological organization in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

Answer

Population, Organism, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

Answer

Organism, Community, Population, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

Answer

Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Community, Biome, Biosphere

Question 56

The relationship between predator and prey is best described as:

Accepted Answer

One organism hunts and eats another organism.

Answer

Both organisms benefit equally from the relationship.

Answer

Both organisms are harmed by the relationship.

Answer

One organism provides shelter for the other.

Question 57

The ecological process shown above is known as:

Accepted Answer

Succession

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Transpiration

Answer

Eutrophication

Question 58

The movement of energy in a food chain/web is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Energy flows from producers to consumers and then to decomposers.

Answer

Energy cycles endlessly between all organisms.

Answer

Energy is created by consumers and passed to producers.

Answer

Energy moves only between decomposers and producers.

Question 59

What type of organism is always found at the bottom of a food chain?

Accepted Answer

Producers

Answer

Consumers

Answer

Decomposers

Answer

Predators

Question 60

What is the source of energy for almost all of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The Sun

Answer

The Moon

Answer

Geothermal vents

Answer

Wind

Question 61

Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are different in the way they obtain their food. Which statement best describes the difference?

Accepted Answer

Herbivores eat only plants, carnivores eat only animals, and omnivores eat both plants and animals.

Answer

Herbivores eat only animals, carnivores eat only plants, and omnivores eat only insects.

Answer

Herbivores and carnivores both eat only plants, while omnivores eat only animals.

Answer

Herbivores eat both plants and animals, carnivores eat only plants, and omnivores eat only plants.

Question 62

An energy pyramid is a graphical representation of energy flow in an ecosystem. Which of the following best describes two reasons for its shape?

Accepted Answer

Energy decreases at each trophic level and there is loss of energy as heat.

Answer

Energy increases at each trophic level and there is no energy loss.

Answer

All organisms receive equal energy and energy is recycled completely.

Answer

Producers have the least energy and top consumers have the most.

Question 63

Which of the following correctly describes the ecological roles of Producer, Consumer, and Decomposer?

Accepted Answer

Producer makes food, Consumer eats other organisms, Decomposer breaks down dead matter.

Answer

Producer eats other organisms, Consumer makes food, Decomposer breaks down dead matter.

Answer

Producer breaks down dead matter, Consumer makes food, Decomposer eats other organisms.

Answer

Producer breaks down dead matter, Consumer eats other organisms, Decomposer makes food.

Question 64

List of levels of organization from the broadest to the most specific.

Accepted Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Answer

Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Answer

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain.

Answer

Domain, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

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