Genetics

What is the complete set of genetic material in an organism called?

• Chromosome

• Genome

• Epigenome

• Proteome

A change in a single nucleotide base within a gene is termed a _______.

• Frameshift mutation

• Translocation

• Point mutation

• Chromosomal inversion

Which inheritance pattern requires only one copy of a mutated allele to express disease?

• Autosomal recessive

• X-linked recessive

• Mitochondrial

• Autosomal dominant

What laboratory technique uses fluorescent probes to detect specific DNA sequences on chromosomes?

• PCR

• Karyotyping

• Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

• Western blot

In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with which base?

• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Uracil

Sections of pre-mRNA that are removed before translation are called _______.

• Exons

• Promoters

• Introns

• Codons

The study of the chemical modifications that regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence is known as _______.

• Genomics

• Epigenetics

• Proteomics

• Metabolomics

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are most commonly used in which large-scale study type?

• Case reports

• Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)

• Twin studies

• Randomized clinical trials

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited almost exclusively from the _______.

• Father

• Mother

• Both parents equally

• Older sibling

Which genetic-based therapy involves designing drugs based on a person's DNA profile to optimize medication response?

• Gene replacement therapy

• Pharmacogenomics

• Antisense oligonucleotide therapy

• CRISPR gene editing