GCSE Physic Paper 2

How does an increase in temperature affect the kinetic energy of particles in a substance?

• The particles lose kinetic energy and move slower.

• The particles gain kinetic energy and move faster, potentially increasing pressure or changing state.

• The temperature has no effect on the kinetic energy of the particles.

• The particles gain kinetic energy but remain stationary.

Discuss the potential dangers of ultraviolet radiation on human skin.

• Ultraviolet radiation can enhance skin hydration and improve skin tone.

• Ultraviolet radiation can damage DNA in skin cells, leading to sunburn, premature ageing, and an increased risk of skin cancer.

• Ultraviolet radiation has no significant effects on human skin.

• Ultraviolet radiation can help in the production of vitamin D without any risks.

What is a transformer?

• A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

• An electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

• A type of battery used to store electrical energy.

• A machine that generates electrical energy from solar power.

Predict and solve a transformer efficiency problem: A transformer receives 500 W of electrical energy but only supplies 450 W to the circuit. Calculate its efficiency.

• 90%

• 85%

• 75%

• 95%

Derive Ohm’s Law and provide a practical example calculation using a resistor of 8 Ω with a current of 2 A.

• Ohm’s Law is V = IR, and for a resistor of 8 Ω with 2 A, the voltage drop is 16 V.

• Ohm’s Law is V = I/R, and for a resistor of 8 Ω with 2 A, the voltage drop is 4 V.

• Ohm’s Law is V = IR, and for a resistor of 8 Ω with 2 A, the voltage drop is 8 V.

• Ohm’s Law is V = IR, and for a resistor of 8 Ω with 2 A, the voltage drop is 32 V.

What is the law of conservation of mass, and how does it apply to chemical reactions?

• Mass can be created or destroyed in a closed system.

• The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.

• Mass is only conserved in physical changes, not chemical reactions.

• Atoms are created and destroyed during chemical reactions.

How can nuclear radiation be both beneficial and hazardous?

• It is only beneficial in medical imaging and has no hazards.

• It is used in medical imaging and cancer treatments, but can damage living tissue if not controlled.

• Nuclear radiation is completely safe and has no negative effects.

• It is only hazardous and has no beneficial uses.

Outline the electromagnetic spectrum by listing the wave types from lowest to highest frequency.

• radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, gamma rays

• gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves

• visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, gamma rays

• microwaves, radio waves, gamma rays, X-rays, visible light, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation

State Newton’s First Law of Motion and provide a real-life example.

• An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a net external force. For example, a football will continue to move in a straight line unless friction or another force (like a kick) changes its state.

• An object will accelerate in the direction of the net force acting on it. For example, a car speeds up when the accelerator is pressed.

• An object will remain at rest unless acted upon by a force, and it will not change its motion unless a net force is applied. For example, a book on a table will stay there until someone picks it up.

• An object in motion will eventually come to a stop due to gravity. For example, a ball thrown in the air will fall back down due to gravitational pull.

Define momentum and calculate it for an object of mass 2 kg moving at 3 m/s.

• Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and its velocity, given by p=m×v, and for a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s, p=6 kg·m/s

• Momentum is the sum of an object’s mass and its velocity, given by p=m+v, and for a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s, p=5 kg·m/s

• Momentum is the difference between an object’s mass and its velocity, given by p=m-v, and for a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s, p=1 kg·m/s

• Momentum is the ratio of an object’s mass to its velocity, given by p=m/v, and for a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s, p=0.67 kg·m/s