Nosocomial (Health Care-Associated-HAI) Infections

According to the Chief Public Health Officer's Report on the State of Public Health in Canada 2013, what percentage of common infections are spread by healthcare workers, patients, and visitors?

• 50%

• 60%

• 80%

• 100%

Based on the iceberg effect, what can be inferred about the relationship between colonization and infection?

• Most people who are colonized will always show symptoms

• The majority of cases are visible and easy to detect

• There are often many more colonized individuals than those who are visibly sick

• Colonization and infection always occur in equal numbers

How can an infected person transmit infectious agents to another person?

• Only through the air.

• Only by sharing food.

• Through direct touch or indirect touching of the same object.

• Only by coughing or sneezing.

Given the information, what is the difference between being colonized and being infected?

• Colonized individuals always show symptoms, while infected individuals do not.

• Infected individuals show symptoms and illness, while colonized individuals do not necessarily become sick.

• Colonized individuals cannot transmit infectious agents, while infected individuals can.

• There is no difference between colonization and infection.

Nosocomial infections can affect which of the following groups?

• Only patients

• Only visitors

• Only doctors

• Both patients and staff

Compare the prevalence of nosocomial infections in developed and developing countries. What does this suggest about healthcare challenges in these regions?

• Both have the same prevalence, suggesting equal healthcare challenges.

• Developed countries have a higher prevalence, indicating more challenges.

• Developing countries have a higher prevalence, indicating greater healthcare challenges.

• Prevalence is not related to healthcare challenges.

Which of the following hospital areas is most commonly associated with the occurrence of nosocomial infections?

• Outpatient clinics

• Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

• Hospital cafeteria

• Administrative offices

Explain why surgical floors are considered high-risk areas for nosocomial infections and provide an example of a common infection type found in this setting.

• They have more visitors; example: food poisoning

• They have more surgical procedures; example: surgical site infection (SSI)

• They have more administrative staff; example: influenza

• They have more outpatient services; example: common cold

A hospital is tracking infections that occur at the site of a surgical procedure. According to the CNISP, what is the correct term for these infections?

• Surgical site infections (SSI)

• Central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CVC-BSI)

• Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections

• Clostridium difficile (C. difficile)

Which nosocomial infections are considered the most difficult to treat, and why?

• Those in the lungs and blood, due to their association with drug resistance and high death rates.

• Those in the skin, because they spread quickly.

• Those in the stomach, because they are hard to diagnose.

• Those in the bones, because they require surgery.