What synapomorphy defines Domain Eukarya?

• The presence of a nuclear envelope.

• The absence of ribosomes.

• The presence of peptidoglycan in cell walls.

• The lack of membrane-bound organelles.

State how eukaryotes compare to prokaryotes in the following areas: size, organelles, cytoskeleton, multicellularity.

• Eukaryotes are larger (~10 times), have many organelles, have an extensive cytoskeleton, and multicellularity is common.

• Eukaryotes are smaller, lack organelles, have no cytoskeleton, and are always unicellular.

• Eukaryotes and prokaryotes are the same size, have the same organelles, and both lack a cytoskeleton.

• Eukaryotes are larger, have no organelles, lack a cytoskeleton, and multicellularity is rare.

True multicellularity entails specific characteristics at both the organismal and cellular levels.

• It involves specialized cells working together and coordinated functions at the organismal level.

• It means all cells are identical and function independently.

• It refers to a single cell performing all life processes.

• It only requires cells to be physically attached with no coordination.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS1-3

In which group does this involve mitosis?

• Eukaryotes reproduce asexually by mitosis.

• Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by mitosis.

• Viruses reproduce asexually by mitosis.

• Bacteria reproduce asexually by mitosis.

In sexual life cycles, meiosis and fertilization always occur. Fertilization always produces zygotes. What types of cells may be produced by meiosis?

• Gametes or spores may be produced by meiosis.

• Zygotes may be produced by meiosis.

• Somatic cells may be produced by meiosis.

• Embryos may be produced by meiosis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Identify the three sexual life cycles and specify when mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization occur in each.

• Zygotic, gametic, and sporic; mitosis occurs in haploid and/or diploid stages, meiosis produces gametes or spores, fertilization restores diploidy.

• Binary fission, budding, and fragmentation; mitosis only, no meiosis or fertilization.

• Sporic, vegetative, and asexual; meiosis and fertilization do not occur.

• Gametic, parthenogenetic, and zygotic; mitosis only in diploid stage, meiosis and fertilization are absent.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-2

Is there a synapomorphy that defines Kingdom Protista – if yes, what is it?

• No synapomorphy defines this group (no single trait unique to protists).

• Presence of a cell wall made of chitin.

• Ability to photosynthesize using chlorophyll b only.

• All members are multicellular.

In which of these would you never find protists – the ocean, moist soil, dry land, inside a host organism?

• The ocean

• Moist soil

• Dry land

• Inside a host organism

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The parasitic protist that caused the Irish potato famine belongs to which phylum?

• Ascomycota

• Oomycota

• Basidiomycota

• Chytridiomycota

What is the world’s most chronic health problem? In what age group are most fatal cases?

• The world’s most chronic health problem is heart disease, and most fatal cases occur in adults over 65 years old.

• The world’s most chronic health problem is diabetes, and most fatal cases occur in children under 5 years old.

• The world’s most chronic health problem is asthma, and most fatal cases occur in teenagers.

• The world’s most chronic health problem is cancer, and most fatal cases occur in adults aged 20-40.