Objectives 1-2

What are the common symptoms of cystitis?

• Dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency, suprapubic discomfort, cloudy or foul-smelling urine

• Flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, high fever

• Confusion, falls, incontinence, anorexia

Answer explanation

The correct choice lists common symptoms of cystitis, including dysuria (painful urination), urinary urgency and frequency, suprapubic discomfort, and changes in urine appearance, which are typical for this condition.

Which organism is most commonly responsible for cystitis?

• Escherichia coli

• Staphylococcus aureus

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer explanation

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of cystitis, accounting for the majority of urinary tract infections. Other organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are less frequently involved.

What is a key nursing intervention for all forms of UTIs?

• Promoting hydration to flush bacteria from the urinary tract

• Restricting fluid intake

• Administering diuretics

Answer explanation

Promoting hydration is crucial for all forms of UTIs as it helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing infection severity and aiding recovery. Restricting fluid intake or administering diuretics would be counterproductive.

What symptoms might older adult patients with UTIs exhibit?

• Confusion, falls, incontinence, anorexia

• Dysuria, urinary urgency and frequency

• Flank pain, high fever, chills

Answer explanation

Older adults with UTIs may not exhibit typical symptoms. Instead, they often show confusion, falls, incontinence, and anorexia, which can be mistaken for other conditions, making this choice the correct answer.

What is the primary cause of chronic glomerulonephritis?

• Repeated episodes of acute glomerulonephritis, autoimmune conditions, or diseases such as diabetic nephropathy

• Acute bacterial infection

• Viral infection

Answer explanation

Chronic glomerulonephritis often results from repeated episodes of acute glomerulonephritis, autoimmune conditions, or chronic diseases like diabetic nephropathy, which lead to long-term kidney damage.

What dietary management is often necessary for patients with chronic glomerulonephritis?

• Fluid and sodium restrictions

• High protein diet

• Increased fluid intake

Answer explanation

Patients with chronic glomerulonephritis often require fluid and sodium restrictions to manage fluid balance and prevent hypertension, as their kidneys may struggle to excrete excess sodium and water.

What is a common symptom of anemia in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis?

• Fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath

• High fever and chills

• Dysuria and urinary urgency

Answer explanation

Fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath are common symptoms of anemia, which can occur in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis due to decreased red blood cell production and impaired kidney function.

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing urinary tract infections?

• Urinary catheterization

• High fiber diet

• Regular exercise

What laboratory finding is commonly associated with chronic glomerulonephritis?

• Hyperglycemia

• Proteinuria

• Leukopenia

Which symptom is most indicative of pyelonephritis rather than cystitis?

• Flank pain and high fever

• Dysuria and urinary frequency

• Suprapubic discomfort