Introduction to Embedded Systems

What is an embedded system?

• A system that only runs on cloud servers.

• A type of software application for mobile devices.

• An embedded system is a specialized computing system that performs dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system.

• A general-purpose computer used for various tasks.

Name two types of processors used in embedded systems.

• Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)

• Central Processing Units (CPUs)

• Microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)

• Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)

What is the primary function of a sensor in an embedded system?

• To execute software instructions.

• To detect physical phenomena and convert them into electrical signals.

• To provide power to the embedded system.

• To store data for future use.

Differentiate between a microprocessor and a microcontroller.

• Microprocessor: includes memory and peripherals; Microcontroller: only processes data.

• Microprocessor: CPU-focused, requires external components; Microcontroller: integrated CPU, memory, and peripherals on one chip.

• Microprocessor: used in embedded systems; Microcontroller: used in desktop computers.

• Microprocessor: designed for low power consumption; Microcontroller: designed for high performance.

List three classifications of embedded systems.

• 1) Real-time systems, 2) Standalone systems, 3) Networked systems

• Cloud-based systems

• Analog systems

• Mobile systems

What are the main components of an embedded system architecture?

• Central processing unit, hard drive, software applications

• Network interface, display unit, power supply

• Microcontroller, memory, input/output interfaces, peripheral devices

• Operating system, graphics card, database management

Describe the design process of an embedded system.

• Deployment and maintenance only

• Software development and testing only

• System architecture only

• The design process of an embedded system includes requirements analysis, system architecture, hardware design, software development, integration, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

What role do actuators play in embedded systems?

• Actuators store energy for later use in embedded systems.

• Actuators primarily process data in embedded systems.

• Actuators are used to display information in embedded systems.

• Actuators convert electrical signals into physical actions in embedded systems.

How has the evolution of processors impacted embedded systems?

• Processors have no effect on embedded systems.

• Embedded systems have remained unchanged despite processor evolution.

• The evolution of processors has decreased the efficiency of embedded systems.

• The evolution of processors has significantly enhanced the performance, efficiency, and capabilities of embedded systems.

Give two examples of applications of embedded systems.

• 1. Microcontroller in a washing machine 2. Digital thermostat for home temperature control

• Smartphone operating system

• Video game console hardware

• Web browser for online shopping